The Clinical Relevance of p16 and p53 Status in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Table 1
Cohort characteristics and the association of clinicopathological variables with p16 and p53 expression.
Variable
Total no. (%)
p16-positive (%)
p53-positive (%)
value
N = 107
N = 63
N = 44
Follow-up (months, median)
72 (range 3–198)
72 (range 5–189)
71 (range 3–198)
Median age in years
71 (range 36–93)
62 (range 39–89)
76 (range 36–93)
Age groups
(i) ≤65 years
47 (43.9%)
37 (79%)
10 (21%)
<0.001
(ii) >65 years
60 (56.1%)
26 (43%)
34 (57%)
Smoking status
(i) Never
63 (58.9%)
26 (41%)
37 (59%)
<0.001
(ii) Former/current
44 (41.1%)
37 (84%)
7 (16%)
FIGO stage, n (%)
(i) I
63 (58.9%)
43 (68%)
20 (32%)
(ii) II
5 (4.7%)
3 (60%)
2 (40%)
(iii) III
37 (35.6%)
16 (43%)
21 (57%)
(iv) IV
2 (1.8%)
1 (50%)
1 (50%)
(v) Stage I/II versus III/IV
0.024
Nodal status†
(i) Positive
39 (36.4%)
17 (44%)
22 (56%)
0.011
(ii) Negative
67 (63.6%)
46 (67%)
21 (31%)
LVSI
(i) Yes
21 (19.6%)
11 (52%)
10 (48%)
0.500
PNI
(i) Yes
15 (14%)
3 (20%)
12 (80%)
0.001β
Tumor differentiation
(i) Well
39 (36.5%)
23 (59%)
16 (41%)
0.988
(ii) Moderate/poor
68 (63.5%)
40 (59%)
28 (41%)
Depth of invasion—mm
(i) ≤5 mm
59 (55%)
42 (71%)
17 (29%)
0.004
(ii) >5 mm
48 (45%)
21 (44%)
27 (56%)
Tumor size—cm
(i) ≤4 cm
73 (68.2%)
46 (63%)
27 (37%)
0.203
(ii) >4 cm
34 (31.8%)
17 (50%)
17 (50%)
Lesion location
(i) Clitoris
12 (11.2%)
2 (17%)
10 (83%)
0.003
(ii) Labium minus
22 (20.6%)
14 (64%)
8 (36%)
0.611
(iii) Labium majus
41 (38.3%)
25 (61%)
16 (39%)
0.728
(iv) Perineum
7 (6.5%)
4 (57%)
3 (43%)
1.000β
(v) Vulvar vestibule
10 (9.3%)
9 (90%)
1 (10%)
0.044β
(vi) Multifocal
15 (14%)
9 (60%)
6 (40%)
0.924
Adjuvant radiotherapy‡
(i) Yes
20 (19.8%)
8 (40%)
12 (60%)
0.048
(ii) No
81 (80.2%)
52 (64%)
29 (36%)
Recurrence
(i) Any
38 (35.5%)
18 (47%)
20 (53%)
0.073
(ii) Local
29 (27.1%)
14 (48%)
15 (52%)
0.174
(iii) Regional/distant
13 (12.1%)
5 (38.5%)
8 (61.5%)
0.110
(iv) ≥2 local
9 (8.4%)
2 (22%)
7 (78%)
0.031β
FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; LVSI: lymphovascular space invasion; PNI: perineural invasion. †One p53-positive patient nodal status unknown, ‡6 patients were excluded who had primary radiotherapy. Statistically significant value ()—Pearson’s Chi-square. βFisher’s exact test for cell counts <5.
