Journal of Oncology

Research Article

Expression of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Proteins according to the Chronic Liver Disease Etiology in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 1

Demographic, clinical, and histopathological parameters of HCC patients according to CLD etiology.


Characteristics	All etiologies	Viral group (n = 41)		Nonviral group (n = 39)		value
Characteristics	All etiologies	HBV	HCV	Alcohol	Cryptogenic	value

Number	80 (100.0)	10 (12.5)	31 (38.8)	20 (25.5)	19 (23.7)	NA

Age (years)	58.0 (52.0–64.0)	56.0 (38.8–60.4)	56.0 (51.0–62.0)	58.5 (52.0–63.7)	63.0^a (57.0–66.8)	0.023^b

Gender
F	20 (25.0)	1 (10.0)	12 (38.7)^a	1 (5.0)	6 (31.6)	0.021^b
M	60 (75.5)	9 (90.0)	19 (61.3)	19 (95.0)^a	13 (68.4)	—
MELD	20 (16–24)	21(20–28)	20 (14–26)	20 (17–23)	20 (17–22)	0.760^b

CHILD
A	29/67 (43.2)	6/8 (75.0)	13/25 (52.0)	5/19 (26.3)	5/15 (33.3)	0.205^c
B	19/67 (28.4)	1/8 (12.5)	8/25 (32.0)	6/19 (31.6)	4/15 (26.7)	—
C	19/67 (28.4)	1/8 (12.5)	4/25 (16.0)	8/19 (42.1)	6/15 (40.0)	—
AFP (ng/mL)	14.7 (5.87–72.4)	14.1 (3.17–585.2)	25.1 (8.2–73.6)	14.2 (5.3–64.3)	7.4 (4.4–94.3)	0.421^b

No. of nodules
≤3	58/75 (77.3)	8/9 (88.9)	23/30 (76.7)	16 (80)	11/16 (68.8)	0.751^c
>3	17/75 (22.7)	1/9 (11.1)	7/30 (23.3)	4 (20)	5/16 (31.3)	—
Size of biggest nodule (cm)	2.8 (2.0–3.5)	2.8 (1.7–5.2)	2.5 (2.1–3.5)	2.6 (2.0–3.4)	3.25 (2.5–5.0)	0.411^b

Histologic grade
Low	52/73 (71.2)	8 (80.0)	17/28 (60.6)	12/18 (66.7)	15/17 (88.2)	0.221^c
High	21/73 (28.7)	2 (20.0)	11/28 (39.3)	6/18 (33.3)	2/17 (11.8)	—

MIV
No	45/71 (63.3)	9 (90)	14/27 (51.9)	11/17 (64.7)	11/17 (64.7)	0.166^c
Yes	26/71 (36.7)	1 (10)	13/27 (48.1)	6/17 (35.3)	6/17 (35.3)	—

Data are expressed as absolute numbers (percentage) and median (interquartile range). Number of patients with the characteristic/number for whom the information was available. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CLD, chronic liver disease; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NA, not applicable; F, female; M, male; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; CHILD, Child-Pugh classification; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; MIV, microvascular invasion. ^aStatistically significant difference. ^bKruskal–Wallis test. ^cFisher’s exact test.