The Comparison of Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction versus Mini-Laparotomy Specimen Extraction for Colorectal Tumours: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Short-Term Outcomes

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Author	Year	Region	Study design	Patients (n)		NOS score	Specimen extraction site
				NOSES	CLAPS
Awad et al.	2014	USA	RCNS	20	20	8	Vaginal
Hisada et al.	2014	Japan	RCNS	20	50	6	Anal
Hu et al.	2019	China	RCNS	26	26	7	Anal
Kim et al.	2014	Korea	RCNS	58	58	8	Vaginal
Leung et al.	2013	China	PRCT	35	35	5	Anal
Ng et al.	2018	China	RCNS	35	38	8	Anal
Park et al.	2011	Korea	RCNS	34	34	7	Vaginal
Zhang et al.	2014	China	RCNS	65	132	7	Anal

Notes: NOSES, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery; CLAPS, conventional laparoscopic surgery; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale; RCNS, retrospective comparative nonrandomized study; PRCT, prospective randomized controlled trial. Based on the 6-item Jadad scale.