Clinical Study
Negative Predictive Value of Human Papillomavirus Testing: Implications for Anal Cancer Screening in People Living with HIV/AIDS
Table 1
Clinicopathological characteristics for Cobas-negative individuals by HRA-guided biopsy result.
| | Characteristics | Total (n = 156) | HRA-guided biopsy | value | | Benign (n = 56) | LSIL (n = 82) | HSIL (n = 18) |
| | Age (mean, range, yrs.) | 49 (23–71) | 48 (23–69) | 49 (26–70) | 49 (25–71) | 0.73 |
| | Gender and sexual behavior | | MSM | 129 (83) | 46 (82) | 67 (82) | 16 (89) | 0.10 | | HM | 8 (5) | 6 (11) | 2 (2) | — | | Female | 19 (12) | 4 (7) | 13 (16) | 2 (11) |
| | Receptive anal sex | | Yes | 145 (93) | 48 (86) | 79 (96) | 18 (100) | 0.03 | | No | 11 (7) | 8 (14) | 3 (4) | — |
| | CD4+ T-cell count (cells/ml) | | <500 | 32 (21) | 10 (19) | 16 (20) | 6 (35) | 0.32 | | ≥500 | 118 (79) | 43 (81) | 64 (80) | 11 (65) | | Unknown | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| | HIV-1 viral load (copies/ml) | | <100 | 140 (90) | 47 (84) | 76 (93) | 17 (94) | 0.20 | | ≥100 | 16 (10) | 9 (16) | 6 (7) | 1 (6) |
| | Race/ethnicity | | Caucasian | 33 (26) | 6 (14) | 22 (34) | 5 (31) | 0.10 | | African American | 27 (22) | 10 (23) | 15 (23) | 2 (13) | | Hispanic | 47 (38) | 20 (45) | 23 (35) | 4 (25) | | Other | 18 (14) | 8 (18) | 5 (8) | 5 (31) | | Unknown | 31 | 12 | 17 | 2 |
| | Smoking history | | Current | 35 (22) | 15 (27) | 15 (18) | 5 (28) | 0.42 | | Former | 46 (30) | 14 (25) | 29 (35) | 3 (17) | | Never | 75 (48) | 27 (48) | 38 (47) | 10 (55) |
| | Anorectal cytology at the time of HRA | | Unsatisfactory | 2 (1) | 1 (2) | — | 1 (5) | 0.02 | | Benign | 75 (48) | 35 (62) | 37 (45) | 3 (17) | | ASCUS | 62 (40) | 18 (32) | 33 (40) | 11 (61) | | LSIL | 13 (8) | 1 (2) | 10 (13) | 2 (11) | | HSIL, ASC-H | 4 (3) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (5) |
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∗MSM: men who have sex with men; ∗∗HM: heterosexual men.
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