Clinical Significance of the Interaction between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type 16 and Other High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Women with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and Invasive Cervical Cancer
Table 4
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CIN and invasive cervical cancer associated with coinfection between HPV type 16 and HPV18 or HPV52.
Ordered logistic
Multinomial logistic CIN1 vs CIN2–CIN3
Multinomial CIN 1 vs Invasive cancer
Binomial CIN 1-2 vs CIN3+
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
HPV16 and HPV18 negative
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
HPV16 and HPV18 positive
3.44 (2.3–5.)
3.2 (2.1–5)
4.35 (1.6–11.8)
3.76 (2.5–5.6)
Single HPV 16
1.98 (1.6–2.)
1.8 (1.5–2.)
3.72 (2.3–6.9)
1.96 (1.6–2.4)
Single HPV 18
1.04 (0.6–1.7)
0.96 (0.6–1.7)
2.17 (0.6–7.4)
1 (0.5–1.8)
Multiple HPV16 (no HPV 18)
1.77 (1.4–2.2)
1.71 (1.3–2.)
1.66 (0.8–3.6)
1.9 (1.5–2.5)
Multiple HPV18 (no HPV 16)
1.36 (0.8–2.2)
1.37 (0.8–2.)
2.2 (0.5–9.6)
1.19 (0.6–2.1)
HPV16 and HPV52 negative
Reference
Reference
Reference
Reference
HPV16 and HPV52 positive
3.2 (2.3–4.4)
2.83 (2–4)
4.74 (2.6–7.5)
3.63 (2.6–5.1)
Single HPV16
2.18 (1.8–2.6)
1.94 (1.6–2.4)
4.42 (6.6–7.5)
2.22 (1.5–2.8)
Single HPV52
1.16 (0.9–1.5)
1.14 (0.8–1.5)
1.44 (0.5–3, 8)
1.16 (0.8–1.65)
Multiple HPV16 (no HPV 52)
1.85 (1.4–2.4)
1.82 (1.4–2.4)
1.51 (0.6–4)
2 (1.5–2.7)
Multiple HPV 52 (no HPV 16)
1.87 (1.4–2.4)
1.68 (1.3–2.2)
3.12 (1.5–6.3)
2.1 (1.6–2.7)
pcompared to single HPV16 infection. compared to multiple HPV16 without HPV18. CIN: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV: human papillomavirus. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained including outcomes either as ordered, multinomial (CIN vs CIN2-3, invasive cancer) or binary (CIN3+ vs CIN1–CIN2). Exposure variables included age (continuous), HIV status (yes, no), parity (yes, no), cigarette smoking at entry (no, <10 cig/day, ≥10 cig/day), contraception use (no, hormonal, barrier, intrauterine device), and interacting HPV.
