Distant Metastases in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Does Location Matter? A Retrospective Analysis of 370 Patients
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with distant metastases.
All (n = 186)
Initially resected (n = 75)
Initially nonresectable (n = 111)
Age, years, median (IQR)
63.8 (56–72)
61.3 (55–68)
67.0 (57–74)
Sex, n (%)
Male
112 (60.2)
43 (57.3)
69 (62.2)
Female
74 (39.8)
32 (42.7)
42 (37.8)
Initial first-line therapy, n (%)
Best supportive care
21 (11.3)
0 (0.0)
21 (18.9)
Chemotherapy
62 (33.3)
0 (0.0)
62 (55.9)
SBRT or IAT with or w/o chemotherapy
28 (15.1)
0 (0.0)
28 (25.2)
Surgery
75 (40.3)
75 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Type of distant metastasis, n (%)†
Lung
105 (56.5)
40 (53.3)
65 (58.6)
Peritoneum
81 (43.5)
30 (40.0)
51 (45.9)
Bone
50 (26.9)
18 (24.0)
32 (28.8)
Other‡
24 (12.9)
12 (16.0)
12 (10.8)
Multiple affected metastatic sites, n (%)
At first metastatic occurrence
27 (14.5)
6 (8.0)
21 (18.9)
Over the disease course
58 (31.2)
19 (25.3)
39 (35.1)
Sum of intrahepatic lesions§, mm, median (IQR)
103 [47–167]
42 [8–101]
150 [86–191]
Hepatic tumor burden§, n (%)
EEM
18 (9.7)
18 (24.0)
0 (0.0)
<25%
95 (51.1)
47 (62.7)
48 (43.3)
25–50%
53 (28.5)
9 (12.0)
44 (39.6)
>50%
20 (10.7)
1 (1.3)
19 (17.1)
CA 19-9 serum levels§, U/mL, median (IQR)
107 [22–1442]
37 [16–261]
137 [32–1862]
Albumin§, g/L, median (IQR)
35 [31–39]
36 [33–40]
34 [29–39]
Subsequent therapy§, n (%)
Best supportive care
63 (33.9)
17 (22.7)
46 (41.5)
Chemotherapy
95 (51.1)
48 (64.0)
47 (42.3)
SBRT or IAT with or w/o chemotherapy
21 (11.3)
3 (4.0)
18 (16.2)
Surgery
7 (3.7)
7 (9.3)
0
IQR, interquartile range; EEM, exclusively extrahepatic metastases; CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; SBRT, stereotactic body radiotherapy; IAT, intra-arterial therapy. †The sum of distant metastases is >100% because patients could have more than one metastatic site. ‡Other sites include the brain, adrenals, spleen, and soft tissues/skin (cutaneous metastases). §At time of first metastatic occurrence.
