The Value of Alkaline Phosphatase-to-Albumin Ratio in Detecting Synchronous Metastases and Predicting Postoperative Relapses among Patients with Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Table 1

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with well-differentiated pNENs.

Characteristics
Gender, male, n (%)	81 (47.6)
Age, years (median, IQR)	52 (43–61)
Nonfunctioning tumor, n (%)	131 (77.1)
Primary tumor location, n (%)
Head-neck	65 (38.2)
Body-tail	103 (60.6)
Both	2 (1.2)
Primary tumor diameter, cm (median, IQR)	2.7 (1.5–4.5)
Single pancreatic lesion, n (%)	162 (95.3)
Cystic component, n (%)	23 (13.5)
Surgery, n (%)
Curative	158 (92.9)
Palliative	8 (4.7)
No	4 (2.4)
Necrosis, n (%)	5 (3.0)
Nerve invasion, n (%)	21 (12.7)
Vascular invasion, n (%)	26 (15.8)
Lymph node metastasis, n (%)	15 (9.1)
Histological grade, n (%)
G1	73 (42.9)
G2	97 (57.1)
AJCC stage, n (%)
I-II	138 (81.2)
III-IV	30 (17.6)
Unknown	2 (1.2)
Synchronous distant metastasis, n (%)	17 (10.0)
Albumin, g/L (median, IQR)	41 (39–43)
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L (median, IQR)	64 (56–77)
Alkaline phosphatase-to-albumin ratio (median, IQR)	1.62 (1.31–1.92)

PNEN, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; IQR, interquartile range. Evaluated in patients undergoing pancreatic lesion resections (n = 165).