Comparative Analysis of Clavien–Dindo Grade and Risk Factors of Complications after Dual-Port Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy and Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Gastrectomy

Table 1

Comparison of patients’ baseline information between the two groups.

Item	DPLDG group (n = 386)	HALG group (n = 389)	(t)
Gender			0.101	0.750
Male	201 (52.07%)	207 (53.21%)
Female	185 (47.93%)	182 (46.79%)
Mean age (, years old)	58.47 ± 5.71	58.52 ± 5.28	0.127	0.899
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.41 ± 1.62	22.43 ± 1.57	0.175	0.862
Tumor length (cm)	4.24 ± 1.03	4.29 ± 1.05	0.669	0.504
Pathological type
Glandular carcinoma	214 (55.44%)	219 (56.30%)	0.058	0.810
Squamous cell carcinoma	114 (29.53%)	118 (30.33%)	0.059	0.808
Signet-ring cell carcinoma	58 (15.03%)	52 (13.37%)	0.438	0.508
Basic disease
Diabetes	118 (30.57%)	120 (30.85%)	0.024	0.876
Hypertension	147 (38.08%)	153 (39.33%)	0.127	0.721
Kidney disease	121 (31.35%)	116 (29.82%)	0.213	0.645
Tumor location
Antrum	207 (53.63%)	211 (54.24%)	0.030	0.864
Stomach body	146 (37.82%)	151 (38.82%)	0.081	0.776
Gastric angle	33 (8.55%)	27 (6.94%)	0.702	0.402
Range of gastrectomy			0.104	0.747
Total gastrectomy	195 (50.52%)	192 (49.36%)
Partial gastrectomy	191 (49.48%)	197 (50.64%)
TNM stage
I	198 (51.30%)	201 (51.67%)	0.011	0.917
II	146 (37.82%)	149 (38.30%)	0.019	0.891
III	42 (10.88%)	39 (10.03%)	0.151	0.697
Differentiation type
Low	189 (48.96%)	192 (49.36%)	0.012	0.913
Medium	152 (39.38%)	149 (38.30%)	0.094	0.759
High	45 (11.66%)	48 (12.34%)	0.085	0.770
Lymphatic metastasis rate (%)	46.11% (178/386)	46.53% (181/389)	0.014	0.908
Infiltrative depth
T1	134 (34.72%)	129 (33.16%)	0.208	0.648
T2	95 (24.61%)	93 (23.91%)	0.052	0.819
T3	121 (31.35%)	126 (32.39%)	0.097	0.755
T4a	36 (9.33%)	41 (10.54%)	0.319	0.572
Number of lymph nodes submitted for inspection	24.41 ± 6.46	24.46 ± 6.48	0.108	0.914