The Efficacy of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Distant Organ Metastasis

Table 2

Multivariable regression analysis for OS and CSS of all patients before PSM.

Characteristics	OS		CSS
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age at diagnosis
30–44	Reference		Reference
45–59	1.369 (1.043, 1.797)	0.024	1.244 (0.934, 1.657)	0.136
≥60	1.388 (1.060, 1.818)	0.017	1.290 (0.971, 1.714)	0.079
Gender
Male	Reference		Reference
Female	0.870 (0.776, 0.974)	0.016	0.893 (0.788, 1.013)	0.079
Years of diagnosis
2010–2012	Reference		Reference
2013–2015	0.985 (0.904, 1.074)	0.734	0.998 (0.908, 1.098)	0.975
Tumor grade
Well differentiated	Reference		Reference
Moderately differentiated	1.066 (0.869, 1.306)	0.542	0.989 (0.783, 1.249)	0.928
Poorly differentiated	1.458 (1.185, 1.794)	<0.001	1.390 (1.098, 1.759)	0.006
Undifferentiated	1.231 (0.757, 2.001)	0.401	1.379 (0.799, 2.380)	0.249
Unknown	1.179 (0.992, 1.400)	0.062	1.129 (0.928, 1.374)	0.226
AJCC 7th T stage
T0	Reference		Reference
T1	0.801 (0.471, 1.362)	0.141	0.695 (0.364, 1.328)	0.270
T2	1.053 (0.619, 1.792)	0.850	0.918 (0.481, 1.753)	0.796
T3	1.007 (0.590, 1.720)	0.979	0.879 (0.459, 1.682)	0.696
T4	1.020 (0.589, 1.766)	0.973	0.901 (0.465, 1.747)	0.758
TX	0.858 (0.498, 1.477)	0.580	0.732 (0.378, 1.417)	0.355
AJCC 7th N stage
N0	Reference		Reference
N1	1.139 (1.017, 1.275)	0.014	1.155 (1.020, 1.307)	0.023
NX	0.911 (0.805, 1.031)	0.141	0.910 (0.793, 1.045)	0.180
Metastatic organs
Bone	Reference		Reference
Lung	1.111 (1.000, 1.234)	0.050	1.091 (0.970, 1.226)	0.114
Brain	0.986 (0.660, 1.473)	0.945	0.887 (0.545, 1.442)	0.628
Multiple organs	1.314 (1.145, 1.506)	<0.001	1.301 (1.123, 1.508)	<0.001
Tumor size
No more than 5 cm	Reference		Reference
Larger than 5 cm	1.140 (0.988, 1.315)	0.073	1.122 (0.959, 1.312)	0.151
Unknown	1.277 (1.082, 1.506)	0.004	1.258 (1.051, 1.506)	0.012
Tumor number
1	Reference		Reference
≥2	0.892 (0.782, 1.017)	0.088	0.591 (0.382, 0.917)	0.019
Race
White	Reference		Reference
Black	0.993 (0.887, 1.112)	0.916	0.976 (0.861, 1.106)	0.703
Other/unknown	0.995 (0.882, 1.124)	0.942	1.050 (0.919, 1.199)	0.417
Marital status
Married	Reference		Reference
Single	1.035 (0.946, 1.133)	0.453	1.051 (0.952, 1.161)	0.326
Unknown	0.977 (0.807, 1.182)	0.808	0.956 (0.771, 1.185)	0.956
AFP
Positive	Reference		Reference
Negative	0.777 (0.673, 0.897)	0.001	0.760 (0.646, 0.894)	0.001
Unknown	0.825 (0.741, 0.918)	<0.001	0.807 (0.716, 0.910)	<0.001
Fibrosis scores
0–4	Reference		Reference
5-6	1.002 (0.784, 1.279)	0.990	1.001 (0.762, 1.314)	0.995
Unknown	1.203 (0.964, 1.500)	0.101	1.268 (0.991, 1.623)	0.059
Chemotherapy
Yes	Reference		Reference
No/unknown	1.602 (1.466, 1.750)	<0.001	1.617 (1.466, 1.783)	<0.001
Surgery
Ablation	Reference		Reference
Liver resection	0.995 (0.589, 1.682)	0.985	1.040 (0.596, 1.817)	0.889
No	2.324 (1.569, 3.442)	<0.001	1.846 (1.218, 2.798)	0.004
Treatment
Radiotherapy	Reference		Reference
Nonradiotherapy	1.277 (1.146, 1.424)	<0.001	1.315 (1.167, 1.481)	<0.001