A Diagnostic Analysis Workflow to Optimal Multiple Tumor Markers to Predict the Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer from Breast Lumps

Table 1

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics in patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer in development set and validation set.

Characteristic	Number of patients (%)		value
	Development set	Validation set
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	57.5 ± 12.9	57.1 ± 14.6	0.829
Range	29–86	22–91
Tumor location			0.591
Left	55 (49.5%)	51 (49.5%)
Right	56 (50.5%)	60 (50.5%)
Histology			0.868
In situ	5 (4.5%)	6 (5.4%)
Ductal	77 (69.4%)	82 (73.9%)
Lobular	4 (3.6%)	2 (1.8%)
Others	25 (22.5%)	21 (18.9%)
T-stage			0.391
Tis	5 (4.5%)	6 (5.4%)
T1	39 (35.1%)	53 (47.8%)
T2	62 (55.9%)	48 (43.2%)
T3	5 (4.5%)	4 (3.6%)
N-stage			0.824
N0	74 (66.7%)	66 (59.5%)
N1	25 (22.5%)	28 (25.2%)
N2	6 (5.4%)	9 (8.1%)
N3	6 (5.4%)	8 (7.2%)
WHO grade			0.664
I	13 (11.7%)	17 (15.3%)
II	50 (45.1%)	51 (46.0%)
III	48 (43.2%)	43 (38.7%)
Clinical stages			0.584
0	5 (4.5%)	6 (5.4%)
I	28(25.2%)	33(29.7%)
II	65 (58.6%)	53 (47.8%)
III	13 (11.7%)	19 (17.1%)
ER expression			0.613
Positive	87 (78.4%)	81 (73.0%)
Negative	20 (18.0%)	24 (21.6%)
N/A	4 (3.6%)	6 (5.4%)
PR expression			0.763
Positive	72 (64.9%)	73 (65.8%)
Negative	35 (31.5%)	32 (28.8%)
N/A	4 (3.6%)	6 (5.4%)
HER-2 expression			0.638
Positive	29 (26.1%)	33 (29.7%)
Negative	78 (70.3%)	72 (64.9%)
N/A	4 (3.6%)	6 (5.4%)
Ki-67 expression			0.291
<14%	28 (25.2%)	37 (33.3%)
≥14%	79 (71.2%)	68 (61.3%)
N/A	4 (3.6%)	6 (5.4%)
Molecular subtypes			0.203
Luminal A	20 (18.0%)	30 (27.0%)
Luminal B	68 (61.3%)	52 (46.9%)
HER-2 (+)	8 (7.2%)	14 (12.6%)
Basal-like	11 (9.9%)	9 (8.1%)
N/A	4 (3.6%)	6 (5.4%)

ER: estrogen receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; HER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; N/A: not available.