Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Simultaneous Multiple Primary Lung Cancer

Table 5

Univariable and multivariable analyses of clinicopathologic factors associated with RFS.

Characteristics	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis^†
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Age, yrs	1.06 (1.02–1.11)	0.010	1.06 (1.01–1.11)	0.023
Females	2.10 (1.02–4.34)	0.045
Histology, different vs. same	2.96 (1.39–6.33)	0.005	2.59 (1.14–5.88)	0.023
Smoking history	2.29 (1.14–4.63)	0.020
FEV1	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.855
DLCO	1.01 (0.99–1.03)	0.314
dNLR	1.59 (1.05–2.40)	0.028
Neutrophile granulocyte, 10^9	1.47 (1.14–1.89)	0.003	1.30 (1.01–1.69)	0.046
Number of lesions, >2 vs. 2	1.69 (0.82–3.47)	0.156
Largest nodule size, >2 vs. <2 cm	2.27 (1.09–4.72)	0.028
TNM stage, IB-IV vs. IA	2.60 (1.19–5.68)	0.016
Pleural invasion	2.81 (1.31–6.02)	0.008	2.36 (1.07–5.18)	0.032

BMI = body mass index; DLCO = diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; dNLR = derive neutrophil-to-lymphocyte radio; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; RFS = recurrence-free survival.