Independent Factors Affecting Postoperative Short-Term Urinary Continence Recovery after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Table 4

Univariable and multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analysis: factors associated with short-term continence recovery.

Variables	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
	OR	95% confidence intervals	value	OR	95% confidence intervals	value
Age (years)
≤65	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
>65	1.308	1.036–1.711	0.022	1.541	1.128–1.974	0.015
BMI (kg/m^2)
≤23	Ref	—	—
>23	0.676	0.410–1.116	0.126
Diabetes mellitus
No	Ref	—	—
Yes	0.893	0.534–1.221	0.412
Hypertension
No	Ref	—	—
Yes	1.012	0.762–1.516	0.675
ASA score
<3	Ref	—	—
≥3	1.503	0.912–2.476	0.110
Preoperative total PSA (ng/mL)
≤20	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
>20	1.124	1.003–3.155	0.042	1.058	0.842–2.155	0.089
Prostate volume (mL)
≤40	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
>40	1.587	1.368–1.872	0.025	1.558	1.281–1.119	0.031
Clinical TNM stage
T1c	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
T2a-b	1.323	0.952–1.821	0.075	1.583	0.313–2.186	0.118
T2c	1.761	0.833–3.121	0.535	1.617	0.467–2.513	0.321
Biopsy Gleason score
≤6	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
=7	0.774	0.422–1.419	0.407	0.804	0.519–1.927	0.539
≥8	1.848	1.006–3.397	0.048	1.628	0.835–2.393	0.108
Surgical approach
Anterior approach	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
Transvesical approach	0.055	0.013–0.227	<0.001	0.048	0.012–0.199	<0.001
Posterior approach	0.156	0.062–0.391	<0.001	0.151	0.059–0.377	<0.001
Operative time (min)
≤120	Ref	—	—
>120	0.669	0.401–1.116	0.124
Estimated blood loss (ml)
≤100	Ref	—	—
>100	1.030	0.605–1.754	0.913
ePLND
No	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
Yes	1.753	1.015–2.921	0.031	1.448	0.993–2.115	0.097
Transfusion
No	Ref	—	—
Yes	1.468	0.646–3.452	0.462
Nerve-sparing technique
No	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
Yes	0.312	0.125–0.754	0.013	0.327	0.159–0.876	0.022
Pathological T stage
pT2	Ref	—	—
pT3	0.935	0.425–2.413	0.522
Specimen Gleason score
≤6	Ref	—	—
=7	0.613	0.332–1.135	0.119
≥8	0.686	0.350–1.345	0.272
Positive surgical margin
No	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
Yes	0.896	0.484–1.003	0.060	0.957	0.436–1.073	0.091
Positive lymph node
No	Ref	—	—	Ref	—	—
Yes	0.833	0.585–0.995	0.047	0.923	0.741–1.611	0.101

OR: odds ratio; BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; ePLND: extended pelvic lymph nodes dissection.