Research Article
The Correlation between the Use of the Proton Pump Inhibitor and the Clinical Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Table 3
The subgroup analysis of the correlation between the use of PPI and clinical efficacy of ICIs for overall survival.
| | Subgroup | No. of studies | OS hazard ratios (95% CI) | value | Heterogeneity | | I2 (%) | value |
| | Region | | Worldwide | 2 | 1.54 [1.24, 1.91] | <0.001 | 19.00 | 0.27 | | Asia | 3 | 1.21 [0.74, 1.98] | 0.44 | 47.00 | 0.15 | | Europe | 2 | 1.48 [1.26, 1.74] | <0.001 | 0 | 0.45 | | America | 2 | 1.14 [0.77, 1.68] | 0.51 | 85.00 | 0.01 | | Oceania | 2 | 1.23 [0.81, 1.86] | 0.34 | 88.00 | 0.004 |
| | Age | | ≤65 | 3 | 1.56 [1.14, 2.15] | 0.006 | 27.00 | 0.24 | | >65 | 4 | 1.26 [0.89, 1.79] | 0.19 | 88.00 | <0.001 |
| | Sample size | | ≤300 | 5 | 1.37 [1.02, 1.84] | 0.04 | 37.00 | 0.17 | | >300 | 6 | 1.27 [1.04, 1.56] | 0.02 | 89.00 | <0.001 |
| | Immunotherapy drug | | PD-L1 | 3 | 1.30 [0.99, 1.69] | 0.06 | 86.00 | <0.001 | | PD-1 | 3 | 1.37 [1.04, 1.79] | 0.03 | 0 | 0.69 | | PD-1, other | 1 | 0.68 [0.33, 1.42] | 0.3 | NA | NA | | PD-(L)1 | 4 | 1.37 [0.98, 1.92] | 0.07 | 88.00 | <0.001 |
| | PPI exposure | | −30 | 2 | 1.89 [1.29, 2.78] | 0.001 | 0 | 0.99 | | ±30 | 5 | 1.44 [1.27, 1.64] | <0.001 | 19.00 | 0.3 | | ∞ | 4 | 1.10 [0.93, 1.30] | 0.27 | 69.00 | 0.02 |
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OS, overall survival; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not available; PPI: proton pump inhibitors.
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