A Multiparametric Fusion Radiomics Signature Based on Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Predicting Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Table 1

Baseline patient characteristics in the training and validation datasets.

Characteristic	Training dataset (n = 211)			Validation dataset (n = 91)			P-value
	ER (n = 94)	Non-ER (n = 117)	P-value	ER (n = 47)	Non-ER (n = 44)	P-value
Patient demographics
Age (y)	57.2 ± 10.3	57.2 ± 9.9	0.976	57.8 ± 10.6	56.2 ± 11.3	0.497	0.976
Gender			0.229			0.226	0.792
Female	14	25		7	11
Male	80	92		40	33
Liver disease			0.144			0.363	0.590
Hepatitis B/C virus	56	81		30	32
Absent	38	36		17	12
Liver cirrhosis			0.234			0.306	0.418
Present	62	86		33	35
Absent	32	31		14	9
Ascites			0.007			0.306	0.641
Present	18	8		7	6
Absent	76	109		40	38
Laboratory factors
ALB (g/l)			0.279			0.967	0.668
≤40	27	26		13	12
>40	67	91		34	32
ALT (IU/l)			0.134			0.215	0.292
≤50	70	97		32	35
>50	24	20		15	9
AST (IU/l)			0.001			0.024	0.395
≤40	47	86		27	35
>40	47	31		20	9
TBIL (μmol/l)			0.349			0.254	0.241
≤19	66	75		37	30
>19	28	42		10	14
DBIL (μmol/l)			0.557			0.952	0.974
≤3.4	56	65		27	25
>3.4	38	52		20	19
GGT (IU/l)			0.001			0.047	0.173
≤60	37	83		18	26
>60	57	34		29	18
AFP (ng/ml)			0.004			0.005	0.781
≤400	55	90		27	37
>400	39	27		20	7
CEA (ng/ml)			0.028			0.174	0.610
≤3.4	63	94		29	33
>3.4	31	23		18	11
INR	1.04 ± 0.72	1.03 ± 0.87	0.414	1.02 ± 0.08	1.04 ± 0.09	0.316	0.414
PLT (10^9/l)	183.4 ± 79.3	168.0 ± 64.8	0.119	190.2 ± 70.5	173.3 ± 91.9	0.327	0.447
Child-Pugh grade			0.028			0.791	0.370
A	65	96		33	32
B	29	21		14	12
TNM			0.001			0.001	0.796
1	50	98		27	40
2	11	15		7	2
3	33	4		13	2
MRI features
Multifocality			0.067			0.066	0.486
1	70	99		36	40
≥2	24	18		11	4
L-max			0.001			0.001	0.186
≤5 cm	31	93		14	32
>5 cm	63	24		33	12
Tumor margin			0.002			0.06	0.146
Smooth	12	36		4	10
Nonsmooth	82	81		43	34
Tumor-capsule			0.001			0.010	0.813
Present	70	113		36	42
Absent	24	4		11	2
Peritumoral enhancement			0.001			0.117	0.660
Present	26	1		8	2
Absent	68	116		39	42
Rim enhancement			0.001			0.001	0.847
Present	54	4		25	1
Absent	40	113		22	43
TTPVI			0.001			0.001	0.365
Present	63	18		31	9
Absent	31	99		16	35
Intratumor necrosis			0.001			0.001	0.773
Present	48	18		25	5
Absent	46	99		22	39
Intratumor haemorrhage			0.005			0.051	0.378
Present	22	11		13	5
Absent	72	106		34	39
Peritumoral star nodule			0.001			0.001	0.326
Present	27	3		15	2
Absent	67	114		32	42
Intratumor vascularity			0.001			0.002	0.324
Hypo-/mild	60	102		27	38
Hyper	34	15		20	6
T2WI/DWI mismatch			0.001			0.025	0.210
Present	30	5		9	1
Absent	64	112		38	43
Histologic features
Histologic grade			0.027			0.747	0.412
Well	1	5		1	1
Moderately	53	81		32	33
Poorly	40	31		14	10
Satellite nodules			0.044			0.051	0.905
Present	25	18		13	5
Absent	69	99		34	39
MVI			0.015			0.151	0.499
Present	52	45		23	15
Absent	42	72		24	29

Data are the number of patients with percentages in parentheses. ALB: serum albumin, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, TBIL: total bilirubin, DBIL: direct bilirubin, GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, AFP: α-fetoprotein, CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen, INR: international normalized ratio, PLT: platelet count, TNM: tumor-node-metastasis staging system, L-max: maximum tumor length, TTPVI: two-trait predictor of venous invasion, and MVI: microvascular invasion.