Research Article

Feasibility and Safety of a Combined Metabolic Strategy in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Prospective Case Series

Table 4

Adverse effects that occurred at any time during the fasts or ketogenic diet (including the level of certainty that patients and spouses attributed each adverse effect to either strategy).

DefiniteProbablePossibleUnsureTotal

Fasting adverse effects
Increased fatigue30216 (60%)
Increased irritability31206 (60%)
Feeling lightheaded20305 (50%)
Increased limb or back pain11035 (50%)
Excessive hunger20305 (50%)
Muscle cramps12003 (30%)
Sugar cravings10102 (20%)
Constipation02002 (20%)
Nausea11002 (20%)
Diarrhea10001 (10%)
Insomnia10001 (10%)
Headaches10001 (10%)
Palpitations00101 (10%)
Disorientation10001 (10%)
Generalized seizure00011 (10%)
Food aversions00000
Heartburn00000
Excessive thirst00000
Total18712542

Ketogenic diet adverse effects
Increased fatigue21025 (50%)
Increased irritability02114 (40%)
Feeling lightheaded10304 (40%)
Sugar cravings10124 (40%)
Constipation12104 (40%)
Increased limb or back pain00123 (30%)
Generalized seizure00033 (30%)
Excessive hunger11002 (20%)
Nausea01102 (20%)
Diarrhea11002 (20%)
Food aversions10102 (20%)
Insomnia00011 (10%)
Headaches00011 (10%)
Heartburn00011 (10%)
Muscle cramps00000
Palpitations00000
Disorientation00000
Excessive thirst00000
Total8891338