Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Table 2

Risk factors associated with ESCC occurrence in HNSCC patients.

	With ESCC (n = 30), N (%)	Without ESCC (n = 68), N (%)	Total (n = 98), N (%)		OR (95% CI)
Sex				0.1390
Female	2 (6.7)	13 (19.1)	15 (15.3)		1
Male	28 (93.3)	55 (80.9)	83 (84.7)		3.3 (0.7, 15.4)
Age (years)				0.4618
40–50	5 (16.7)	16 (23.5)	21 (21.4)		1
51–60	14 (46.7)	35 (51.5)	49 (50.0)		1.3 (0.4, 3.7)
>60	11 (36.7)	17 (25.0)	28 (28.6)		2.1 (0.6, 6.8)
HNSCC site				0.7129
Lip	1 (3.3)	5 (7.4)	6 (6.1)		1
Gingiva	5 (16.7)	8 (11.8)	13 (13.3)		3.1 (0.3, 43.3)
Larynx	1 (3.3)	7 (10.3)	8 (8.2)		0.7 (0.0, 16.1)
Mouth floor	6 (20.0)	12 (17.6)	18 (18.4)		2.5 (0.3, 33.8)
Soft palate	7 (23.3)	19 (27.9)	26 (26.5)		1.8 (0.3, 24.5)
Tongue	10 (33.3)	17 (25.0)	27 (27.6)		2.9 (0.4, 37.7)
HNSCC stage				0.9051
Stage I	10 (33.3)	26 (38.2)	36 (36.7)		1
Stage II	7 (23.3)	15 (22.1)	22 (22.4)		1.2 (0.4, 4.1)
Stage III	8 (26.7)	14 (20.6)	22 (22.4)		1.5 (0.5, 4.9)
Stage IV	5 (16.7)	13 (19.1)	18 (18.4)		1.0 (0.3, 3.2)
Ki67 labeling index				0.0177
Low (≤45)	16 (53.3)	53 (77.9)	69 (70.4)		1
High (>45)	14 (46.7)	15 (22.1)	29 (29.6)		3.1 (1.3, 7.6)
Radiotherapy				0.2802
No	16 (53.3)	28 (41.2)	44 (44.9)		1
Yes	14 (46.7)	40 (58.8)	54 (55.1)		0.6 (0.3, 1.5)
Smoking habits				0.7727
Nonsmoker	5 (16.7)	13 (19.1)	18 (18.4)		1
Smoker	25 (83.3)	55 (80.9)	80 (81.6)		1.2 (0.4, 3.3)
Drinking habits				0.2452
Nondrinker	7 (23.3)	25 (36.8)	32 (32.7)		1
Drinker	23 (76.7)	43 (63.2)	66 (67.3)		1.9 (0.7, 4.8)
Flush				0.0401
Without flush	6 (20.0)	23 (33.8)	29 (29.6)		1
With flush	17 (56.7)	20 (29.4)	37 (37.8)		3.3 (1.0, 10.4)