Comparable Clinical Outcome Using Small or Large Gross Tumor Volume-to-Clinical Target Volume Margin Expansion in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
Characteristics
Small margin group (N = 37)
Large margin group (N = 102)
value
Age (years, median, range)
61.5 (39.2–76.7)
62.4 (35.2–81.6)
0.567
Sex
0.760
Male
34 (91.9%)
97 (95.1%)
Female
3 (8.1%)
5 (4.9%)
ECOG performance status
0.625
0
8 (21.6%)
15 (14.7%)
1
28 (75.7%)
84 (82.4%)
2
1 (2.7%)
3 (2.9%)
Differentiation (prechemoradiation)
0.795
Well differentiated
2 (5.4%)
9 (8.8%)
Moderately differentiated
27 (73.0%)
73 (71.6%)
Poorly differentiated
3 (8.1%)
10 (9.8%)
Unknown
5 (13.5%)
10 (9.8%)
Subsite
0.008
Upper thoracic
13 (35.1%)
13 (12.7%)
Upper and middle thoracic
5 (13.5%)
5 (4.9%)
Middle thoracic
6 (16.2%)
26 (25.5%)
Middle and lower thoracic
2 (5.4%)
11 (10.8%)
Lower thoracic
11 (29.7%)
47 (46.1%)
Clinical T stage
0.801
cT1
2 (5.4%)
4 (3.9%)
cT2
7 (18.9%)
26 (25.5%)
cT3
27 (73.0%)
66 (64.7%)
cT4
1 (2.7%)
4 (3.9%)
Unknown
0 (0.0%)
2 (2.0%)
Clinical N stage
0.012
cN0
7 (18.9%)
16 (15.7%)
cN1
16 (43.2%)
68 (66.7%)
cN2
12 (32.4%)
18 (17.6%)
cN3
2 (5.4%)
0 (0.0%)
Clinical M stage
0.400
cM0
27 (73.0%)
83 (81.4%)
cM1
10 (27.0%)
19 (18.6%)
Chemotherapy regimen
0.003
5-FU + cisplatin
6 (16.2%)
45 (44.1%)
Paclitaxel + carboplatin
29 (78.4%)
47 (46.1%)
Others
2 (5.4%)
10 (9.8%)
Chemotherapy completed
0.527
Yes
35 (94.6%)
91 (89.2%)
No
2 (5.4%)
11 (10.8%)
Radiotherapy technique
0.029
3D-CRT
21 (56.8%)
79 (77.5%)
IMRT
16 (43.2%)
23 (22.5%)
Total radiation dose
0.001
<50.4 Gy
34 (91.9%)
62 (60.8%)
≥50.4 Gy
3 (8.1%)
40 (39.2%)
Supraclavicular elective irradiation
1.000
Yes
8 (21.6%)
22 (21.6%)
No
29 (78.4%)
80 (78.4%)
Longitudinal length of primary GTV (cm, mean ± SD)
5.8 ± 1.9
6.5 ± 3.1
0.112
CTV (cm3, mean ± SD)
179.4 ± 67.0
222.6 ± 81.5
0.005
PTV (cm3, mean ± SD)
419.0 ± 120.6
501.3 ± 150.4
0.003
Type of surgery
0.001
Mckeown
31 (83.8%)
50 (49.0%)
Ivor–Lewis
6 (16.2%)
51 (50.0%)
Transhiatal
0 (0.0%)
1 (1.0%)
Lymph node dissection
<0.001
2-field
5 (13.5%)
53 (52.0%)
3-field
32 (86.5%)
45 (44.1%)
Unknown
0 (0.0%)
4 (3.9%)
Number of lymph nodes harvested (median, range)
53 (16–93)
45 (5–113)
0.218
Margin status
0.527
R0
36 (97.3%)
94 (92.2%)
R1
1 (2.7%)
8 (7.8%)
Pathologic complete resolution
0.880
Yes
9 (24.3%)
28 (27.5%)
No
28 (75.7%)
74 (72.5%)
Postoperative radiotherapy
0.392
Yes
0 (0.0%)
5 (4.9%)
No
37 (100.0%)
97 (95.1%)
Adjuvant chemotherapy
0.955
Yes
7 (18.9%)
17 (16.7%)
No
30 (81.1%)
85 (83.3%)
The patients with unknown value were excluded from the calculation of this value. Abbreviations: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; 3D-CRT, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy; IMRT, intensity-modulated radiation therapy; GTV, gross tumor volume; CTV, clinical target volume; PTV, planning target volume.
