Research Article
Dynamic Predictive Models with Visualized Machine Learning for Assessing the Risk of Lung Metastasis in Kidney Cancer Patients
Table 1
Renal cancer with or without lung metastasis at baseline.
| | Characteristics | Level | No (N = 39479) | Yes (N = 3171) | |
| | Marital (%) | Married | 23255 (58.90) | 1803 (56.86) | <0.0001 | | Unknown | 2021 (5.12) | 102 (3.22) | | Unmarried | 14203 (35.98) | 1266 (39.92) |
| | Age (median [IQR]) | NA | 64.000 (55.000, 72.000) | 65.000 (57.000, 75.000) | <0.0001 |
| | Race ethnicity (%) | Black | 5109 (12.94) | 280 (8.83) | <0.0001 | | Chinese | 471 (1.19) | 41 (1.29) | | Other | 3114 (7.89) | 291 (9.18) | | White | 30785 (77.98) | 2559 (80.70) |
| | Sequence number (%) | More | 13427 (34.01) | 603 (19.02) | <0.0001 | | One primary only | 26052 (65.99) | 2568 (80.98) |
| | Times (mean (SD)) | NA | 41.102 (30.576) | 13.674 (18.325) | <0.0001 |
| | Status (%) | Alive | 30809 (78.04) | 692 (21.82) | <0.0001 | | Dead | 8670 (21.96) | 2479 (78.18) |
| | Sex (%) | Female | 14133 (35.80) | 946 (29.83) | <0.0001 | | Male | 25346 (64.20) | 2225 (70.17) |
| | Primary site (%) | C64.9-Kidney | 37524 (95.05) | 3042 (95.93) | 0.0294 | | C65.9-Renal pelvis | 1955 (4.95) | 129 (4.07) |
| | Grade (%) | Moderately differentiated | 14413 (36.51) | 238 (7.51) | <0.0001 | | Poorly differentiated | 8369 (21.20) | 546 (17.22) | | Undifferentiated; anaplastic | 2830 (7.17) | 507 (15.99) | | Unknown | 10508 (26.62) | 1852 (58.40) | | Well differentiated | 3359 (8.51) | 28 (0.88) |
| | Laterality (%) | Left | 19407 (49.16) | 1661 (52.38) | <0.0001 | | Other | 59 (0.15) | 28 (0.88) | | Right | 20013 (50.69) | 1482 (46.74) |
| | Pathological (%) | 8120/3 | 1005 (2.55) | 137 (4.32) | <0.0001 | | 8130/3 | 1008 (2.55) | 25 (0.79) | | 8260/3 | 5169 (13.09) | 109 (3.44) | | 8310/3 | 21172 (53.63) | 1444 (45.54) | | 8312/3 | 6787 (17.19) | 1036 (32.67) | | 8317/3 | 2213 (5.61) | 18 (0.57) | | Other (n < 1000) | 2125 (5.38) | 402 (12.68) |
| | T (%) | T1 | 27359 (69.30) | 539 (17.00) | <0.0001 | | T2 | 3656 (9.26) | 591 (18.64) | | T3 | 7164 (18.15) | 1264 (39.86) | | T4 | 732 (1.85) | 411 (12.96) | | TX | 568 (1.44) | 366 (11.54) |
| | N (%) | N0 | 36669 (92.88) | 1719 (54.21) | <0.0001 | | N1 | 1374 (3.48) | 1057 (33.33) | | N2 | 161 (0.41) | 38 (1.20) | | NX | 1275 (3.23) | 357 (11.26) |
| | Tumor size (median [IQR]) | NA | 40.000 (25.000, 60.000) | 87.000 (62.000, 115.000) | <0.0001 |
| | Bone metastases (%) | No | 38533 (97.60) | 2166 (68.31) | <0.0001 | | Yes | 946 (2.40) | 1005 (31.69) |
| | Brain metastases (%) | No | 39301 (99.55) | 2757 (86.94) | <0.0001 | | Unknown | 9 (0.02) | 43 (1.36) | | Yes | 169 (0.43) | 371 (11.70) |
| | Liver metastasis (%) | No | 39061 (98.94) | 2472 (77.96) | <0.0001 | | Unknown | 17 (0.04) | 55 (1.73) | | Yes | 401 (1.02) | 644 (20.31) |
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