A New Model for Predicting Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Using MMP15
Table 1
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of the training cohort and validation cohort.
Variables
Total
Training n (%)
Validation n (%)
value
No. of cases
237
158
79
Age (years)
0.782
Median
49
49
49
≤50
129
85 (53.8)
44 (55.7)
>50
108
73 (46.2)
35 (44.3)
Lymphovascular invasion
0.234
No
181
117 (74.1)
64 (81.0)
Yes
56
41 (25.9)
15 (19.0)
Neural invasion
1.000
No
223
149 (94.3)
74 (93.7)
Yes
14
9 (5.7)
5 (6.3)
Expression of MMP15 in cytoplasm
0.637
Negative
145
95 (60.1)
50 (63.3)
Positive
92
63 (39.9)
29 (36.7)
Expression of MMP15 in nucleus
0.386
Negative
210
142 (89.9)
68 (86.1)
Positive
27
16 (10.1)
11 (13.9)
Size of the SLN metastasis
0.722
Micrometastasis
17
12 (7.6)
5 (6.3)
Macrometastasis
220
146 (92.4)
74 (93.7)
NSLN metastasis
0.570
No
147
96 (60.8)
51 (64.6)
Yes
90
62 (39.2)
28 (35.4)
Multifocality
1.000
No
225
150 (94.9)
75 (94.9)
Yes
12
8 (5.1)
4 (5.1)
Tumor type
0.722
Invasive ductal carcinoma
220
146 (92.4)
74 (93.7)
Others†
17
12 (7.6)
5 (6.3)
Tumor size
0.001
≤2 cm
169
102 (64.6)
67 (84.8)
>2 cm
68
56 (35.4)
12 (15.2)
Tumor quadrant
0.269
Outer upper
122
86 (54.4)
36 (45.6)
Others
113
72 (45.6)
41 (51.9)
Molecular subtype
0.495
Luminal A
47
34 (21.5)
13 (16.5)
Luminal B
156
105 (66.5)
51 (64.6)
HER2 overexpression
10
7 (4.4)
3 (3.8)
Triple negative
14
7 (4.4)
7 (8.9)
Ki-67 status
0.118
≤0.2
116
83 (52.5)
33 (41.8)
>0.2
121
75 (47.5)
46 (58.2)
Histological grade
0.002
I–II
184
116 (73.4)
68 (86.1)
III
32
29 (18.4)
3 (3.8)
Number of positive SLNs
0.741
1
96
61 (38.6)
35 (44.3)
2
84
56 (35.4)
28 (35.4)
3
37
27 (17.1)
10 (12.7)
4
10
6 (3.8)
4 (5.1)
≥5
10
8 (5.1)
2 (2.5)
Number of negative SLNs
0.236
0
17
10 (6.3)
7 (8.9)
1
45
36 (22.8)
9 (11.4)
2
62
36 (22.8)
26 (32.9)
3
45
31 (19.6)
14 (17.7)
4
32
20 (12.7)
12 (15.2)
≥5
36
25 (15.8)
11 (13.9)
Percentage of positive SLNs
0.354
Mean ± standard deviation
45% ± 25%
46% ± 25%
43% ± 25%
PLR
0.361
Mean ± standard deviation
140.44 ± 46.84
137.66 ± 43.79
145.98 ± 52.20
NLR
0.794
Mean ± standard deviation
2.09 ± 0.91
2.08 ± 0.84
2.11 ± 1.05
NMR
0.769
Mean ± standard deviation
12.47 ± 3.89
12.46 ± 3.78
12.50 ± 4.10
value by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; value by the Mann-–Whitney U test; †Invasive lobular carcinoma, mixed carcinoma (invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma), tubular carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and sweaty adenoid carcinoma; SLNs, sentinel lymph nodes; NSLN, nonsentinel lymph node; MMP15, matrix metalloproteinase 15; PLR, the ratio of the absolute number of platelets to the absolute number of lymphocytes; NLR, the ratio of the absolute number of neutrophils to the absolute number of lymphocytes; NMR, the absolute number of neutrophils to the absolute number of monocytes.
