The Role of Purine Metabolism-Related Genes PPAT and IMPDH1 in the Carcinogenesis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Metabonomic and Bioinformatic Analyses

Figure 6

MMF inhibited the development of ICC in mice. (a) Tumor volume and weight statistics. (b and c) qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of PPAT and IMPDH1 genes. (d) HE was used to measure tumor pathology in each group. (e) IHC was used to detect the positive rate of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (caspase 3) genes in tissue. (f) IF was used to detect stem cell characteristics (CD133 and SOX2) markers in tissue. (g) IHC was used to measure the positive rate of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin in tissue.  < 0.05 compared with the ICC group. The measurement data are expressed as mean ± SD. The unpaired t-test was used to analyze comparisons between two groups. n = 6.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)