Use of Antiepileptic Drugs and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in Prostate Cancer Data Base Sweden
Table 2
Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by exposure of antiepileptic drug and cumulative defined daily dose overall and for subcohorts with low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk or metastatic prostate cancer and their respective controls.
Cases
Controls
Crude
Adjusteda
Adjustedb
N
(%)
N
(%)
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Antiepileptic drug
No
29853
(94.5)
147128
(93.8)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
Yes
1738
(5.5)
9674
(6.2)
0.89
(0.84–0.93)
0.92
(0.87–0.97)
0.96
(0.91–1.02)
DDD of antiepileptic drug
No drug
30345
(96.1)
149490
(95.3)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1–365 DDD
677
(2.1)
3710
(2.4)
0.90
(0.83–0.98)
0.93
(0.86–1.01)
0.98
(0.90–1.06)
1–5 year DDD
371
(1.2)
2219
(1.4)
0.82
(0.74–0.92)
0.86
(0.77–0.97)
0.93
(0.83–1.04)
6+ year DDD
198
(0.6)
1383
(0.9)
0.71
(0.61–0.82)
0.75
(0.64–0.87)
0.80
(0.68–0.93)
Low-risk or intermediate PCa
Antiepileptic drug
No
18157
(94.5)
89572
(93.9)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
Yes
1065
(5.5)
5774
(6.1)
0.91
(0.85–0.97)
1.00
(0.94–1.07)
1.03
(0.96–1.10)
DDD of antiepileptic drug
No drug
18481
(96.1)
90965
(95.4)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1–365 DDD
394
(2.0)
2181
(2.3)
0.89
(0.80–0.99)
0.98
(0.88–1.10)
1.00
(0.90–1.12)
1–5 year DDD
233
(1.2)
1327
(1.4)
0.86
(0.75–0.99)
0.99
(0.86–1.14)
1.03
(0.89–1.19)
6+ year DDD
114
(0.6)
873
(0.9)
0.64
(0.53–0.78)
0.73
(0.60–0.89)
0.75
(0.62–0.92)
High-risk or metastatic PCa
Antiepileptic drug
No
10924
(94.6)
53692
(93.6)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
Yes
618
(5.4)
3643
(6.4)
0.83
(0.76–0.91)
0.84
(0.77–0.92)
0.89
(0.81–0.97)
DDD of antiepileptic drug
No drug
11082
(96.0)
54594
(95.2)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1.00
(ref.)
1–365 DDD
252
(2.2)
1431
(2.5)
0.87
(0.76–0.99)
0.87
(0.76–1.00)
0.93
(0.81–1.06)
1–5 year DDD
127
(1.1)
830
(1.4)
0.75
(0.62–0.91)
0.76
(0.63–0.92)
0.82
(0.68–0.99)
6+ year DDD
81
(0.7)
480
(0.8)
0.83
(0.66–1.05)
0.84
(0.66–1.06)
0.90
(0.71–1.14)
DDD: defined daily dose; adjusteda: educational level, civil status, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); adjustedb: number of outpatient visits and cumulative length of hospital stay.
