The Association between Self-Reported Energy Intake and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Perimenopausal Women

Table 2

Multivariable models of association between self-reported energy intake and intra-abdominal adipose tissue.

Parameters	Model 1^*		Model 2^**		Model 3^***
	Estimate^a	𝑃-value	Estimate^a	𝑃-value	Estimate^a	𝑃-value
Lifestyle factors
Energy intake, for every 500 kcal/day	0.058	0.025	0.058	0.025	0.119	0.001
Physical activity (KPAS score)	—	—	−0.038	0.016	−0.035	0.024
Confounders
African American versus Caucasian women	–0.183	<0.001	−0.204	<0.001	0.182	0.170
Postmenopausal versus pre-/perimenopausal women	0.106	0.054	0.115	0.035	0.124	0.023
Energy intake^*ethnicity interaction	—	—	—	—	−0.120	0.018
Correction factors
Percent body fat, for every 5%	0.192	<0.001	0.183	<0.001	0.186	<0.001
Percent body fat^2	−0.022	0.001	−0.024	0.001	−0.024	0.001
Age	0.010	0.262	0.010	0.307	0.011	0.241
Age^2	0.004	0.041	0.005	0.023	0.004	0.038
Current smoking	0.151	0.017	0.116	0.075	0.129	0.045
Income
Lower than $50,000	−0.053	0.457	−0.035	0.632	−0.049	0.496
$50,000 to $75,000	−0.052	0.405	−0.034	0.579	−0.041	0.504
𝑅^2	56%		57%		58%

^alogarithmically transformed intra-abdominal adipose tissue area in cm² (log IAT).
^∗Model 1 was adjusted for risk groups (ethnicity, menopausal status), income, age and percent body fat.
^∗∗Model 2 was adjusted the same as Model 1 plus low physical activity (Kaiser Physical Activity Survey score) and smoking status.
^∗∗∗Model 3 was adjusted the same as Model 2 plus energy intake^*ethnicity interaction.