Mortality and Survival after Norwood Procedure Comparison between Shunt Type in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome or Its Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Table 5

Secondary outcomes.

Outcome	RV-PA conduit		Modified BT shunt		Study ID that reported these outcome
	Event n (%)	Total	Event n (%)	Total
Post-Norwood complications
Overall complications	6 (8.5%)	70	19 (17.8%)	107	34
Cardiac complications (RV dysfunction, arrhythmia, etc.)	174 (13%)	1331	157 (11.9%)	1314	5 \ 7
Respiratory complications (pleural effusion, pneumothorax, etc.)	3 (21.4%)	14	1 (5.55%)	18	68
Neurological complications (stroke, bleed, seizure, etc.)	187 (18.2%)	1027	138 (10.81%)	1276	5 \ 7
GI complications (necrotizing enterocolitis, liver failure, cirrhosis)	7 (3.9%)	177	15 (8.47%)	177	1 \ 67
ID infectious disease complications (sepsis, repertory infection, UTI, etc.)	11 (30.5%)	36	2 (8.33%)	24	49/67
Renal complications (acute or chronic renal failure)	5 (1.8%)	280	3 (1.20%)	248	22
Other complications (hematological, etc.)	5 (1.7%)	294	4 (1.50%)	266	22\ 67
Pacemaker placed	19 (2.5%)	747	23 (2.90%)	791	1\5\27
Protein-losing enteropathy	22 (3.3%)	659	10 (1.59%)	629	5\22\27
Adjudicated cause of death
Unknown	5 (1.8%)	274	5 (1.81%)	275	5
Cardiovascular	6 (1.9%)	320	9 (2.52%)	357	5\32
Pulmonary	4 (1.5%)	274	0	275	5
Neurological	1 (0.36%)	274	0	275	5
Gastroenterologic/hepatic	1 (0.36%)	274	0	275	5
Complex/multisystem	1 (0.36%)	274	2 (0.7%)	275	5
Organ failure	N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R	N/R
Infectious	2 (0.7%)	274	0	275	5

N/R: not reported.