Research Article

Surgical versus Interventional Mitral Valve Repair: Analysis of 1,100 Propensity Score-Matched Patients

Table 1

Patients’ characteristics before and after propensity score matching.

ICD10CharacteristicBefore matchingAfter matching
Open repair (N = 1392)TMVr (N = 960)SMDOpen repair (N = 550)TMVr (N = 550)SMD
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Demographics
Age, mean ± SD66.6 ± 11.176.1 ± 9.70.92172.1 ± 9.172.6 ± 10.10.052
Male69.04%63.13%0.12564.73%66.55%0.038

Comorbidities
I10-I16Hypertensive diseases74.71%85.63%0.27682.36%82.73%0.010
I50Heart failure62.07%84.79%0.53278%76.91%0.026
I50.2Systolic heart failure34.84%55%0.41448%45.82%0.044
I50.4Combined systolic and diastolic heart failure17.46%32.92%0.36228.18%27.27%0.020
I48Atrial fibrillation and flutter49.50%64.17%0.29958.73%58.91%0.004
I49Other cardiac arrhythmias30.32%43.85%0.28338%37.82%0.004
I05-I09Chronic rheumatic heart diseases46.98%57.40%0.21053.46%52.73%0.015
I26-I28Pulmonary heart disease and diseases of pulmonary circulation31.83%49.38%0.36342.91%41.09%0.037
I42Cardiomyopathy26.44%39.27%0.27635.46%36%0.011
I38Endocarditis, valve unspecified12.07%16.25%0.12011.82%11.82%0.000
I33Acute and subacute endocarditis5.75%1.56%0.2241.82%2.18%0.026
I60-I69Cerebrovascular diseases29.89%38.75%0.18835.46%34.55%0.019
E00-E89Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases80.10%90%0.28087.64%87.27%0.011
J00-J99Diseases of the respiratory system64.22%70.31%0.13069.27%70%0.016
N00-N99Diseases of the genitourinary system53.02%71.77%0.39564.55%66.36%0.038
K00-K95Diseases of the digestive system54.02%66.25%0.25261.64%62%0.007
D50-D89Hematologic and immunologic diseases51.94%58.96%0.14257.09%56.18%0.018
G00-G99Diseases of the nervous system46.41%57.71%0.22853.27%52.55%0.015
C00-D49Neoplasms22.34%35.52%0.29428.73%29.46%0.016
A00-B99Certain infectious and parasitic diseases24.50%32.40%0.17625.82%27.82%0.045
F01-F99Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders43.25%43.75%0.01044.73%43.46%0.026

Medications
Cardiovascular medications93.10%95.63%0.11093.27%94.55%0.053
Antiplatelets74.21%82.60%0.20580%80%0.000
Anticoagulants74.35%77.60%0.07676.73%78%0.030

Previous surgeries
Surgical procedures on the cardiovascular system56.18%72.40%0.34365.82%66.36%0.012

Preoperative labs & imaging
Natriuretic peptide B [mass/volume] ± SD1830 ± 4440.92019.4 ± 6133.70.0351934.5 ± 5083.62570.7 ± 8005.20.095
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % ± SD45.7 ± 18.0%44.6 ± 16.6%0.06142.3 ± 17.5%44.2 ± 16.5%0.111

ICD-10: international classification of diseases tenth edition, TMVr: transcatheter mitral valve repair, SMD: standardized mean difference, SD: standard deviation. Cardiovascular medications represents a composite code in TriNetX which include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, direct renin inhibitors, sacubitril, hydralazine, clonidine, methyldopa, minoxidil, angiotensin II inhibitors, alpha blockers, milrinone, bosentan, cilostazol, ivabradine, nitroglycerine, isosorbide, antilipemics (including statins, fibrates, cholesterol binding resins, PCSK9 inhibitors), antiarrhythmics, and digoxin. Antiplatelet medications represents a composite code in TriNetX which includes aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, cangrelor, and dipyridamole. Anticoagulants represents a composite code in TriNetX which includes warfarin, heparin, low-molecular-weight-heparin, direct factor Xa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors.