Characteristic SLE patients n = 880 Non-SLE patients n = 322,226 95% CI % bias % (n ) % (n ) Age (years ± SD) 62.20 ± 8.47 66.08 ± 8.89 Gender Male 26.0 (229) 74.0 (238,522) <0.001 [0.64–0.74] 0.0 Female 74.0 (651) 26.0 (83,685) Race White 64.3 (566) 73.4 (236,598) 0.604 [−0.06–0.10] 0.0 African American 16.9 (149) 6.4 (20,670) <0.001 [0.30–0.49] 0.0 Income 1st quartile 29.7 (261) 27.5 (88,702) 0.148 2nd quartile 28.3 (249) 27.0 (87,042) 3rd quartile 23.3 (205) 24.1 (77,568) 4th quartile 16.7 (147) 19.3 (62,319) Comorbidities Smoking status 39.2 (345) 44.6 (143,570) 0.045 [−0.10–−0.001] 0.0 Anxiety disorders 15.5 (136) 9.5 (30,634) 0.045 [0.002–0.13] 0.0 Dyslipidemia 61.3 (539) 75.6 (243,743) <0.001 [−0.21–−0.11] 0.0 Hypertension 66.6 (586) 69.7 (224,436) 0.029 [−0.10–−0.01] 0.0 Obesity 24.0 (211) 23.9 (76,958) <0.001 [−0.16–−0.06] 0.0 Diabetes mellitus 35.6 (313) 44.2 (142,562) <0.001 [−0.26–−0.16] 0.0 Prior CAD 17.7 (156) 17.5 (56,537) 0.572 [−0.04–0.08] 0.0 Prior MI 19.0 (167) 15.5 (50,096) 0.001 [0.03–0.16] 0.0 Prior CABG 1.4 (12) 1.9 (6,064) 0.314 [−0.29−0.09] 0.0 Prior PCI 10.7 (94) 10.1 (32,561) 0.571 [−0.05–0.10] 0.0 Peripheral artery disease 14.4 (127) 12.7 (41,055) 0.072 [−0.01–0.12] 0.0 Prior TIA/stroke 11.5 (101) 7.4 (23,900) <0.001 [0.06–0.21] 0.0 Atrial fibrillation/flutter 22.5 (198) 27.7 (89,211) 0.763 [−0.05–0.06] 0.0 Anemia 20.0 (176) 13.7 (44,282) 0.001 [0.04–0.16] 0.0 Chronic pulmonary diseases 41.9 (369) 30.6 (98,549) <0.001 [0.08–0.18] 0.0 Liver disease 4.5 (40) 2.2 (7,130) <0.001 [0.12–0.36] 0.0 Coagulopathy 25.8 (227) 20.8 (66,983) <0.001 [0.08–0.18] 0.0 Fluid and electrolyte disorders 40.3 (355) 32.1 (103,328) <0.001 [0.04–0.14] 0.0 Pulmonary circulation disorders 9.5 (84) 5.9 (19,088) 0.001 [0.06–0.22] 0.0 Cancer 0.80 (7) 1.1 (3,465) 0.911 [−0.23–0.26] 0.0
