Thoracoscopic Surgical Biatrial Ablation vs. Catheter Ablation in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Table 3

Procedural results.

	SA group (n = 51)	CA group (n = 102)	P value
Procedural complications, n (%)	4 (7.8)	3 (2.9)	0.223
Death	0	0
Cerebrovascular accident	0	1
Pericardial effusion	0	0
Pleural effusion	0	0
Groin hematoma	0	1
Permanent pacemaker implantation	0	1
Pulmonary embolism	2	0
Iatrogenic conversion to thoracotomy	2	0
Pulmonary vein bleeding	2	0

CA, catheter ablation; SA, surgical ablation.