Impact of COVID-19 in the Age of Computer-Assisted Surgery: Cost and Effectiveness Comparison between Robotic and Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery in a Single-Center Experience

Table 1

Preoperative characteristics of the whole study population, overall, and according to the type of surgery, with value between the groups (a) and preoperative characteristics of the matched populations according to the type of surgery, with value between the groups (b).

(a)	Overall (N = 351)	RMVS (N = 118)	MIMVS (N = 233)	value
Age (years)	63 [52, 71]	58 ± 13	64 [54, 72]	<0.01
Gender female, n (%)	161 (44)	38 (32)	123 (49)	<0.01
BMI	24.60 [22.07, 27.20]	23.73 [21.66, 26.19]	25.06 [22.40, 22.72]	<0.01
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	83 (23)	14 (12)	69 (28)	<0.01
Ejection fraction	60 [56, 65]	64 [60, 67]	60 [55, 61]	<0.01
EUROSCORE II (pts)	0.94 [0.69, 1.5]	0.89 [0.67, 1.17]	0.99 [0.70, 1.68]	<0.01
(b)	Matched RMVS (n = 80)		Matched MIMVS (n = 80)	value
Age (years)	58 [50, 67]		59 [51, 66]	0.55
Gender female, n (%)	26 (33)		30 (38)	0.62
BMI	23 [21, 26]		24 [22, 26]	0.21
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	11 (14)		16 (20)	0.40
Ejection fraction	63 [60, 68]		60 [57, 62]	<0.01
EUROSCORE II (pts)	0.88 [0.67, 1.12]		0.70 [0.60, 0.99]	0.08

GFR = glomerular filtration rate; PAPs = systolic pulmonary artery pressure.