Factors Influencing Pain Scores and Opioid Demand after Robotically Assisted Cardiac Surgery

Table 2

Intraoperative variables.

Procedure type, n (%)
MIDCAB	11 (15%)
MVR	37 (49%)
MVR/TVR	1 (1%)
Myxoma	1 (1%)
ASD	2 (3%)
TECAB	23 (31%)
Total procedure time, minutes (mean)	307.9 ± 76.5
Cardiopulmonary bypass time, minutes (mean)	118.1 + 55.7
Cross-clamp time, minutes (mean)	82.5 + 45.7
Conversion to sternotomy, n (%)	4/75 (5.3%)
Total incision length, cm (mean) (including all ports, mini-thoracotomy, sternotomy cannulation site)	17.3 + 4.9
Extubation in operating room, n (%)	39/75 (52%)
Revision for bleeding, n (%)	1/75 (1.3%)
Stroke, n (%)	0/75 (0%)
Mortality, n (%)	0/75 (0%)

SD: standard deviation.