Impact of the Tricuspid Valve Detachment Technique on Hard-to-Expose Ventricular Septal Defect Closure

Table 3

Echocardiographic findings at discharge and follow-up.

Variables	TVD group (n = 17)	Non-TVD group (n = 158)	value
TTE at discharge
Residual VSD regardless of the size	4 (23.5)	40 (25.3)	0.490
TR > mild	1 (5.9)	5 (3.2)	0.508
AR > mild	0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0.890
Advanced AVB	0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0.893
TTE at 1-year follow-up
Residual VSD regardless of the size	0 (0)	5 (3.2)	0.641
TR > mild	0 (0)	4 (2.5)	0.702
AR > mild	0 (0)	2 (1.3)	0.839
Advanced AVB	0 (0)	0 (0)	—
TTE at 5-year follow-up
Residual VSD regardless of the size	1 (5.9)	3 (1.9)	0.316
TR > mild	1 (5.9)	3 (1.9)	0.373
AR > mild	0 (0)	1 (0.6)	0.911
Advanced AVB	0 (0)	0 (0)	—

Categorical data are shown as numbers (%). AR, aortic valve regurgitation; AVB, atrioventricular block; TR, tricuspid valve regurgitation; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; TVD, tricuspid valve detachment; VSD, ventricular septal defect.