| | Trials | Sample size | Effects | Male/female | Protocols (postoperative) | Outcomes | | PG | CG | PG | CG |
| | Mörike et al. (1) [15] | 82 | Prevent | 33/4 | 37/8 | 1 mg/kg iv, 1 hour | Saline (n = 45) | ①②③ | | 4 mg/kg, iv, 24 hour | | 450 mg, po, 6 days (n = 37) |
| | Mörike et al. (2) [15] | 150 | Prevent | 60/15 | 63/12 | 1 mg/kg, iv, 1 hour (n = 75) | Saline (n = 75) | ④⑧ |
| | Kowey et al. [16] | 293 | Prevent | ① 86/13; | 80/17 | ① 450 mg/d, po (n = 99) | Saline (n = 97) | ①⑧⑩ | | ② 76/21 | ② 675 mg/d, po (n = 97) |
| | Merrick et al. [17] | 207 | Prevent | 83/22 | 87/15 | 300 mg, bid, po, 7 days (n = 105) | Atenolol, 50 mg, po, qd (n = 102) | ①②④⑦ |
| | Nemati and Astaneh [18] | 122 | Treatment | NM | NM | 600 mg, po, 2 hours | Amiodarone, 150 mg, iv, 1 hour; | ⑤⑦⑨ | | 150 mg, po, q8h, 24 hours | 600 mg, iv, 24 hours; | | 150 mg, po, 10 days after AF (n = 67) | 150 mg, iv, 10 days after AF (n = 55) |
| | Soucier et al. [19] | 42 | Treatment | 16/4 | ① 8/2; | 600 mg, po (n = 20) | ① ibutilide, 1-2 mg, iv (n = 10); | ④⑤⑧⑩ | | ② 9/3 | ② control (n = 12) |
| | Geelen et al. [20] | 62 | Treatment | 8/21 | 12/21 | 2 mg/kg 10 min (n = 29) | Procainamide, 20 mg/kg, iv (n = 33) | ⑤⑥⑧ |
| | Larbuisson et al. [21] | 40 | Treatment | 17/1 | 20/2 | 1-2 mg/kg, iv, 10 min | Amiodarone, 2.5–5 mg/kg, iv, 10 min; | ④⑤⑧ | | 420 mg, iv, 24 hours (n = 18) | 900 mg, 24 hours (n = 22) |
| | Di Biasi et al. [12] | 84 | Treatment | 32/6 | 36/10 | 2 mg/kg, iv, 15 min | Amiodarone, 5 mg/kg, iv, 15 min; | ⑤⑥⑧ | | 10 mg/kg, iv, 24 hours (n = 38) | 15 mg/kg, iv, 24 hours (n = 46) |
| | Connolly et al. [22] | 14 | Treatment | 14/0 | 10/0 | 2 mg/kg, iv (n = 14) | Saline (n = 10) | ⑤⑥ |
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AF: atrial fibrillation, PG: propafenone group, CG: control group, iv: intravenous injection, NM: not mentioned, and po: peros. Reported outcomes: ①: atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter; ②: supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVT); ③: atrial tachycardia; ④: adverse events; ⑤: the success rate of atrial fibrillation treatment; ⑥: percentage decrease in heart rate; ⑦: mortality; ⑧: postoperative adverse effects; ⑨: electrical cardioversion; ⑩: length of stay: ICU stay days and hospital stay.
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