Meta-Analysis of Open-Heart Surgery Pain Relief Using Transversus Thoracic Plane Blocks
Table 2
Secondary endpoint results.
Outcomes
Studies included
Mean difference or RR (95% CI)
value for statistical significance
value for heterogeneity
test for heterogeneity (%)
Quality of evidence (GRADE)
Postoperative opioid consumption during the first 24 hours
11
−41.88 (−51.99, −31.77)
<0.001
<0.001
98
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Postoperative 12-hour VAS score at rest (cm)
9
−1.36 (−1.6, −1.12)
<0.001
0.4
5
⊕⊕⊕⊕ high
Postoperative 12-hour VAS score at moment (cm)
8
−2.32 (−3.31, −1.33)
<0.001
<0.001
91
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Postoperative 24-hour VAS score at rest (cm)
11
−1.04 (−1.53, −0.55)
<0.001
<0.001
84
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Postoperative 24-hour VAS score at moment (cm)
8
−1.44 (−2.69, −0.19)
0.02
<0.001
95
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Time of first analgesic demand
4
6.12 (1.27, 10.97)
0.01
<0.001
95
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low
Time extubation
12
3.04 (4.37, 1.71)
<0.001
<0.001
98
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Length of ICU stay
11
−12.17 (−17.26, −7.09)
<0.001
<0.001
94
⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate
Time of first faeces
3
−5.74 (−9.13, −2.35)
<0.001
0.15
48
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low
Incidence of PONV
7
RR 0.33 (0.18, 0.6)
<0.001
0.08
48
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low
Length of hospital stay
5
−1.87 (−3.16, −0.57)
0.005
<0.001
95
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low
VAS, visual analog scale; ICU, intensive care unit; GRADE, grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting.
