The Relationship between Social Support, Empathy, Self-Efficacy, and Humanistic Practice Ability among Clinical Nurses in China: A Structural Equation Model

Table 2

Participants’ characteristics (N = 650).

Characteristics	Categories	N	(%)
Gender	Male	11	1.7
	Female	639	98.3
Nationality	China’s main nationality	614	94.5
	Minority nationality	36	5.5
Marital status	Single	192	29.5
	Married	443	68.2
	Divorced	15	2.3
Age (years)	≤25	131	20.2
	26–30	193	29.6
	31–35	156	24.0
	36–40	79	12.2
	≥40	91	14.0
Religion	Yes	31	4.8
	No	619	95.2
Professional position	Nurse	133	20.5
	Primary nurse	239	36.7
	Nurse-in-charge	231	35.5
	Cochief superintendent nurse	44	6.8
	Chief superintendent nurse	3	0.5
Total working years	<5	199	30.6
	5–15	293	45.1
	16–25	104	16.0
	>25	54	8.3
Amount of training received	Not accepted	279	42.9
	<1 time/year	98	15.1
	1 time/year	117	18.0
	2-3 times/year	91	14.0
	>3 times/year	65	10.0
Understanding of concepts related to “humanistic care”	Very well understood	111	17.1
	General understanding	402	61.8
	Unclear	59	9.1
	Some understanding	65	10.0
	No understanding at all	13	2.0
The objective evaluation of their own humanistic knowledge and quality	Very deficient	38	5.8
	Comparatively lacking	495	76.2
	Not lacking	117	18.0