|
| Author, year | Country | Sample size (EG/CG) | Age of patients (EG/CG) | Age of caregiver (EG/CG) | Interventions (EG/CG) | Intervention format | Intervention duration | Outcomes |
| (Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) |
|
| Radomski, 2007 [18] | USA | EG: n = 5 | 47–72/24–81 | — | EG: habit training via a wireless device during a four- to five-week practice period | Web-based software | 5 weeks | Caregiver burden |
| CG: n = 5 | CG: usual and customary practice (received no therapeutic intervention during the home visits) |
|
| Pierce et al., 2009 [17] | USA | EG: n = 36 | 63 ± 15/63 ± 13.3 | 54 ± 12.2/55 ± 13.1 | EG: caring-web intervention: (1) linked websites about stroke care; (2) customized educational information to carers’ needs; (3) an e-mail forum to ask any questions in private; and (4) a nonstructured e-mail discussion amongst all participants facilitated by the nurse | Website + e-mail | 12 months | Depression |
| CG: n = 37 | CG: non-web user group | |
|
| Kim and Park, 2011 [16] | Korea | EG: n = 17 | 59.6 ± 9.5/58.5 ± 8.8 | 38.3 ± 12.6/42.9 ± 12.0 | EG: web-based stroke prevention education program | Website | 12 weeks | Caregiving knowledge |
| CG: n = 17 | CG: usual care |
|
| Harwood et al., 2012 [25] | New Zealand | EG: n = 39 | 61.5 ± 13.9/61.3 ± 14.8 | — | EG: DVD and take charge session. 80-minute DVD about recovery and 80-minute individualized assessment | DVD | 12 months | Caregiver burden |
| CG: n = 39 | CG: written materials about stroke for patients and their families | |
|
| Redzuan et al., 2012 [10] | Malaysia | EG: n = 44 | 63.7 ± 12/59.4 ± 11 | — | EG: received a video to guide therapy at home. The video consisted of 6 sections and included a 45-minute self-instructional therapy in 2 languages | DVD | 3 months | Caregiver burden |
| CG: n = 46 | CG: verbal instruction and outpatient appointments once a week |
|
| Eames et al., 2013 [27] | Australia | EG: n = 31 | 61.4 ± 12.7/55.2 ± 16.7 | 61.4 ± 12.7/55.2 ± 16.7 | EG: stroke education and support packages were applied to patients and caregivers. Telephone sessions at intervals of approximately 1 month, over a 3-month period | Website + telephone sessions | 3 months | Caregiver burden; anxiety; depression; self-efficacy; caregiving knowledge |
| CG: n = 30 | CG: standard care |
|
| Kim et al., 2013 [28] | Korea | EG: n = 18 | 67.4 ± 7.3/63.9 ± 7.4 | 49.8 ± 14.8)/57.3 ± 11.5 | EG: the web-based stroke education program included nine video-based lectures within 9 weeks | Website | 9 weeks | Caregiving competence |
| CG: n = 18 | CG: standard care |
|
| Blanton, 2016 [24] | USA | EG: n = 21 | 56.5 ± 12.6)/60.1 ± 14.0 | 56.5 ± 12.6)/60.1 ± 14.0 | EG: CARE-CITE education program carepartners (caregivers participated in online CARE-CITE education while stroke survivors received constraint-induced movement therapy) | Website | 1 month | Caregiver burden; depression; self-efficacy |
| CG: n = 11 | CG: traditional education carepartners (carepartners participated in traditional education while the stroke survivor received constraint-induced movement therapy) |
|
| Berg et al., 2016 [19] | Australia | EG: n = 31 | 64.5 ± 18.5/70.1 ± 12.4 | — | EG: an 8-week caregiver-mediated training program with support using a customized exercise app loaded onto a tablet | Web-based software + video conferencing | 8 weeks | Caregiver burden; self-efficacy |
| CG: n = 32 | CG: usual rehabilitation care | |
|
| Chen et al., 2017 [29] | China | EG: n = 27 | 66.52 ± 12.08/66.15 ± 12.33 | — | EG: the home telesupervising rehabilitation program consisted of a network data system, therapist end, and patient end | Web-based software | 24 weeks | Caregiver burden |
| CG: n = 27 | CG: conventional outpatient rehabilitation |
|
| Cheng et al., 2018 [30] | Hong Kong | EG: n = 64 | 71.16 ± 11.89/70.59 ± 10.36 | 49.08 ± 12.09/49.11 ± 12.90 | EG: the psychoeducational program is composed of (1) two structured individual face-to-face stroke education sessions; and (2) six biweekly telephone problem-solving skills training sessions. An information booklet was developed as reference material for caregivers | Telephone sessions | 26 weeks | Caregiver burden; depression; caregiving competence |
| CG: n = 64 | CG: routine care (interdisciplinary rehabilitation services and postdischarge outpatient medical follow-up) |
|
| Kootker et al., 2019 [31] | Netherlands | EG: n = 23 | ≥18 | 59.6 ± 10.2/59.8 ± 12.5 | EG: computerized cognitive training with 13–16 sessions. Each session will take two 20–25 minute-blocks divided by a 10–15 minute-break | Web-based software | 4 months | Caregiver burden; anxiety; depression |
| CG: n = 27 | CG: cognitive behavioral therapy augmented with movement or occupational therapy |
|
| Vloothuis et al., 2019 [32] | Netherlands | EG: n = 32 | 60.53 ± 14.82/59.26 ± 15.01 | 53.91 ± 14.90/54.00 ± 12.26 | EG: caregiver-mediated exercises at least five times a week for 30 minutes | Telephone session + video conferencing + e-mail | 8 weeks | Caregiver burden; anxiety; depression; self-efficacy |
| CG: n = 34 | CG: usual care |
|
| LeLaurin et al., 2021 [26] | USA | EG: n = 13 | 70.6 ± 10.7 | 60.3 ± 10.1 | EG: eight-week intervention (the intervention was based on the RESCUE website and delivered via telephone in 8 weekly sessions lasting 30 to 60 minutes each) | Website + telephone sessions | 8 weeks | Caregiver burden; depression |
| CG: n = 14 | CG: standard care | |
|
| Woodward et al., 2021 [23] | USA | EG: n = 54 | ≥18 | 69.8 ± 13.8/58.1 ± 15.5 | EG: SWCM + MISTT website (the MISTT website included a range of resources and stroke-related information) | Website | 60 days | Depression |
| CG: n = 58 | CG: usual care (the health-related brochures were mailed at 1, 4, and 8 week postdischarge) | |
|
| Zhao et al., 2021 [20] | China | EG: n = 38 | 62.50 ± 12.02/62.95 ± 10.21 | 43.87 ± 11.35/44.54 ± 11.56 | EG: Internet combined with information, motivation, and behavior model | Web-based software + WeChat | 5 weeks | Caregiver burden; caregiving competence; caregiving knowledge |
| CG: n = 39 | CG: usual care |
|
