The Effect of Professional Autonomy and Nursing Work Environment on Nurses’ Patient Safety Activities: A Perspective on Magnet Hospitals

Table 3

Differences in professional autonomy, nursing work environment, and nurses’ patient safety activities.

	Characteristics	n	Professional autonomy		Nursing work environment		Nurses’ patient safety activities
			M ± SD	t or F () Scheffé	M ± SD	t or F () Scheffé	M ± SD	t or F () Scheffé
Gender	Male	11	168.27 ± 25.49	1.196 (0.233)	2.69 ± 0.56	1.145 (0.254)	4.34 ± 0.44	−0.634 (0.527)
	Female	183	161.68 ± 17.22		2.54 ± 0.39		4.42 ± 0.42
Age (years)	20–29	118	162.12 ± 17.80	0.926 (0.429)	2.59 ± 0.41	1.379 (0.251)	4.45 ± 0.37	0.646 (0.586)
	30–39	66	161.45 ± 17.93		2.48 ± 0.40		4.38 ± 0.51
	40–49	8	169.63 ± 17.21		2.45 ± 0.28		4.31 ± 0.40
	≥50	2	148.00 ± 2.82		2.71 ± 0.02		4.48 ± 0.28
Education	Associate bachelor	11	165.00 ± 16.19	3.162 (0.045)^n/a	2.63 ± 0.33	0.251 (0.778)	4.34 ± 0.32	1.602 (0.204)
	Bachelor	172	161.08 ± 17.19		2.55 ± 0.41		4.44 ± 0.41
	Master	11	174.45 ± 24.10		2.51 ± 0.44		4.23 ± 0.63
Religion	Yes	66	161.38 ± 16.87	−0.381 (0.704)	2.56 ± 0.36	0.289 (0.773)	4.42 ± 0.46	−0.052 (0.958)
	No	128	162.41 ± 18.26		2.55 ± 0.42		4.42 ± 0.40
Marital status	Married^a	43	161.09 ± 19.25	1.126 (0.326)	2.46 ± 0.40	2.190 (0.115)	4.27 ± 0.55	4.137 (0.017)^a<b
	Single^b	148	162.03 ± 17.36		2.57 ± 0.40		4.47 ± 0.37
	Others^c	3	177.00 ± 13.00		2.85 ± 0.22		4.22 ± 0.23
Position	Staff nurse	81	161.40 ± 18.00	−0.438 (0.662)	2.64 ± 0.40	2.532 (0.012)	4.43 ± 0.36	0.169 (0.866)
	Charge nurse	113	162.53 ± 17.66		2.49 ± 0.40		4.42 ± 0.46
Department	General ward	14	161.57 ± 13.98	1.306 (0.249)	2.33 ± 0.37	2.578 (0.015)^n/a	4.25 ± 0.50	1.133 (0.344)
	Integrated nursing care service ward	59	166.39 ± 14.42		2.56 ± 0.40		4.53 ± 0.31
	ICU	27	164.89 ± 18.75		2.57 ± 0.40		4.45 ± 0.42
	OR	23	158.22 ± 21.48		2.53 ± 0.50		4.32 ± 0.41
	RR	22	159.14 ± 21.81		2.82 ± 0.36		4.38 ± 0.44
	EMC	26	160.77 ± 19.62		2.43 ± 0.33		4.38 ± 0.64
	Outpatient clinic	18	154.83 ± 13.95		2.53 ± 0.36		4.43 ± 0.28
	Others	5	160.20 ± 17.57		2.61 ± 0.23		4.44 ± 0.36
Clinical experience (years)	1-<3	58	159.98 ± 16.77	0.932 (0.426)	2.66 ± 0.39	2.984 (0.033)^n/a	4.43 ± 0.36	1.438 (0.233)
	3-<6	60	163.60 ± 18.84		2.56 ± 0.38		4.46 ± 0.39
	6-<10	39	164.87 ± 14.17		2.44 ± 0.38		4.48 ± 0.44
	10≤	37	159.84 ± 20.70		2.49 ± 0.45		4.30 ± 0.53
Current department experience	1-<3^a	81	161.17 ± 17.84	0.421 (0.738)	2.66 ± 0.39	5.607 (0.001)^a>c	4.44 ± 0.37	1.059 (0.368)
	3-<6^b	63	163.49 ± 18.24		2.55 ± 0.37		4.46 ± 0.37
	6-<10^c	34	163.06 ± 15.73		2.35 ± 0.35		4.40 ± 0.37
	10≤^d	16	158.75 ± 20.39		2.46 ± 0.52		4.25 ± 0.69
Type of work	Shift duty	173	163.02 ± 18.01	2.183 (0.030)	2.55 ± 0.41	0.061 (0.952)	4.42 ± 0.44	−0.366 (0.716)
	Daytime only	21	154.14 ± 13.54		2.55 ± 0.33		4.45 ± 0.26

. N = 194.