Relationships between Alternative Nurse Staffing Level Measurements and Nurses’ Perceptions of Nurse Staffing Level Adequacy, Fatigue, and Care Quality
Table 2
Nursing hours by nursing activities and RN HPPD according to patient classification for four days (hours, %).
Variable
Overall
Group 1(KPCS score 1–5)
Group 2(KPCS score 6–10)
Group 3(KPCS score 11–15)
Group 4(KPCS score 16–20)
Group 5(KPCS score ≥21)
Total number of inpatients for four observed days (h, %)
840
164 (19.52)
257 (30.60)
216 (25.71)
117 (13.93)
86 (10.24)
Total nursing care hours for four observed days
Direct care (h, %)
631.83 (31.16)
92.83 (100.00)
156.83 (100.00)
188.33 (100.00)
105.00 (100.00)
81.17 (100.00)
Admission
26.67 (4.22)
2.00 (2.15)
6.17 (3.93)
12.50 (6.64)
4.17 (3.97)
1.83 (2.26)
Assessment
152.33 (24.11)
23.00 (24.78)
40.00 (25.50)
46.83 (24.87)
27.17 (25.87)
15.33 (18.89)
Hygiene
3.33 (0.53)
0.50 (0.54)
0.33 (0.21)
1.33 (0.71)
1.00 (0.95)
0.17 (0.21)
Patient mobility
1.00 (0.16)
0.33 (0.36)
0.17 (0.11)
0.33 (0.18)
0.00 (0.00)
0.17 (0.21)
Medication/IV administration
268.50 (42.50)
43.33 (46.68)
72.33 (46.12)
69.67 (36.99)
42.50 (40.48)
33.00 (40.66)
Procedures
60.67 (9.60)
4.67 (5.03)
9.00 (5.74)
22.83 (12.12)
12.33 (11.75)
11.83 (14.58)
Specimen collection/testing
20.50 (3.24)
2.33 (2.51)
5.33 (3.40)
5.67 (3.01)
3.33 (3.17)
3.83 (4.72)
Nutrition
1.50 (0.24)
0.00 (0.00)
0.17 (0.11)
0.67 (0.35)
0.17 (0.16)
0.50 (0.62)
Elimination
9.17 (1.45)
1.33 (1.44)
2.67 (1.70)
2.17 (1.15)
1.67 (1.59)
1.33 (1.64)
Transporting patient
11.67 (1.85)
0.00 (0.00)
2.17 (1.38)
3.83 (2.04)
1.67 (1.59)
4.00 (4.93)
Assisting with procedures
10.17 (1.61)
4.33 (4.67)
1.00 (0.64)
1.17 (0.62)
1.33 (1.27)
2.33 (2.87)
Patient/family interaction
66.33 (10.50)
11.00 (11.85)
17.50 (11.16)
21.33 (11.33)
9.67 (9.21)
6.83 (8.42)
Indirect care
1164.00 (57.41)
Verbal report/handover
200.67 (17.23)
Communication/information
103.83 (8.92)
Room/equipment setup/cleaning
7.00 (0.60)
Progress notes/computer: data entry/retrieval
830.00 (71.31)
Coordination of care: rounds, team meetings
22.50 (1.93)
Unit-related work
231.67 (11.43)
Teaching/inservice
7.83 (0.39)
Supplies, check, and restock
95.17 (4.69)
Errands
46.00 (2.27)
Meeting and administration
4.17 (0.21)
Clerical
45.83 (2.26)
Environmental cleaning
32.67 (1.61)
Nursing hours per patient day (M ± SD)
2.35 ± 1.89
1.81 ± 1.20
2.01 ± 1.36
2.63 ± 2.10
2.83 ± 2.30
3.22 ± 2.65
Direct care
0.73 ± 0.68
0.55 ± 0.45
0.61 ± 0.49
0.84 ± 0.78
0.90 ± 0.80
1.01 ± 0.91
Indirect care
1.35 ± 1.21
1.00 ± 0.76
1.15 ± 0.87
1.51 ± 1.31
1.65 ± 1.48
1.95 ± 1.74
Unit-related work
0.27 ± 0.08
0.26 ± 0.09
0.26 ± 0.09
0.28 ± 0.08
0.28 ± 0.07
0.26 ± 0.06
Blank indicates not applicable. M, mean; SD, standard deviation. % of column based on overall nursing activities. % of column based on direct nursing care. % of row.
