Status and Influencing Factors of Nurses’ Perception of Toxic Leadership Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis on factors influencing nurses’ perception of toxic leadership behavior (n = 455).

Variables	B (95% CI)	SE	β	t
(Constant)	81.895 (75.506, 88.284)	3.251		25.192	<0.001
Gender: R = male
Female	10.587 (4.398, 16.776)	3.149	0.119	3.362	0.001
Education: R = college degree or below
Master’s degree or above	−11.736 (−20.967, −2.506)	4.697	−0.089	−2.499	0.013
Department: R = Internal medicine
Pediatrics	11.363 (6.372, 16.355)	2.540	0.161	4.474	<0.001
Intensive care medicine	10.360 (4.423, 16.298)	3.021	0.125	3.429	0.001
Night shift frequency (month): R = 0
5∼	22.216 (18.729, 25.703)	1.774	0.447	12.521	<0.001
≥9	18.967 (11.655, 26.278)	3.720	0.191	5.098	<0.001
Employment mode: R = labor dispatch
Personnel agency	−10.058 (−15.827, −4.290)	2.935	−0.123	−3.472	0.001
Formal establishment	−24.080 (−29.985, −18.174)	3.005	−0.290	−8.014	<0.001