Working Hours Associated with the Quality of Nursing Care, Missed Nursing Care, and Nursing Practice Environment in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Table 3

The association among working hours, covariates, and MNC.

		Day shift-6 knots^1						Night shift-3 knots^2
		B	SD	Beta	t	CI		B	SD	Beta	t	CI
Intercept		−2.980	2.779	—	0.28	−8.43–2.46	0.283	1.070	4.862	—	0.220	−8.46–10.60	0.826
Working hours		0.470	0.357	0.056	1.30	−0.23–1.17	0.192	0.750	0.229	0.161	3.251	0.30–1.19	0.001
Working hours (spline1)		−26.500	8.806	−4.096	−3.01	−43.76–−9.23	0.003	−1.080	0.348	−0.153	−3.102	−1.76–−0.40	0.002
Working hours (spline2)		47.740	15.600	5.139	3.06	17.16–78.31	0.002
Working hours (spline3)		−80.520	28.110	−1.101	−2.87	−135.62–−25.42	0.004
Age (years)	26–34	−0.105	0.512	−0.005	−0.205	−1.11–0.90	0.837	0.157	0.625	0.007	0.252	−1.07–1.38	0.801
	35–44	−0.015	0.623	−0.001	−0.023	−1.23–1.21	0.981	−0.333	0.841	−0.011	−0.396	−1.98–1.32	0.692
	≥45	0.277	0.860	0.008	0.322	−1.41–1.96	0.747	−2.284	2.327	−0.019	−0.981	−6.85–2.28	0.326
Overtime work	Yes	2.710	0.308	0.119	8.800	2.10–3.31	<0.001
Education	Junior college	0.800	1.225	0.027	0.65	−1.60–3.20	0.516	−4.890	4.504	−0.163	−1.085	−13.72–3.94	0.278
	Undergraduate	1.050	1.211	0.037	0.86	−1.33–3.42	0.388	−5.170	4.493	−0.177	−1.150	−13.98–3.64	0.250
	Postgraduate	4.250	1.593	0.041	2.67	1.12–7.37	0.008	−3.770	4.861	−0.031	−0.776	−13.30–5.76	0.438
Professional-technical title	Senior nurse	0.690	0.425	0.033	1.62	−0.14–1.52	0.105	−0.030	0.554	−0.001	−0.055	−1.12–1.06	0.956
	Nurse in charge	1.650	0.498	0.076	3.32	0.68–2.63	0.001	−0.070	0.697	−0.003	−0.099	−1.44–1.30	0.921
	Assistant director nurse or above	2.190	0.757	0.044	2.89	0.70–3.67	0.004	10.830	5.064	0.034	2.138	0.90–20.76	0.033
Work seniority (years)	2–5	−0.360	0.508	−0.012	−0.72	−1.36–0.63	0.473	−0.190	0.609	−0.007	−0.313	−1.39–1.00	0.754
	5–10	−0.670	0.514	−0.030	−1.31	−1.68–0.34	0.191	0.120	0.647	0.005	0.181	−1.15–1.39	0.856
	10–20	−0.760	0.549	−0.034	−1.38	−1.83–0.32	0.169	−0.390	0.714	−0.017	−0.547	−1.79–1.01	0.584
	>20	−0.820	0.657	−0.027	−1.25	−2.11–0.47	0.213	−1.140	1.382	−0.015	−0.823	−3.85–1.57	0.411
N-P ratio		0.010	0.009	0.018	1.39	−0.01–0.03	0.163	0.010	0.013	0.022	0.948	−0.01–0.04	0.343
Patient-care grade (%)	Special-level	−0.177	0.002	−0.001	−0.08	−0.00–0.00	0.939	−0.010	0.005	−0.059	−3.001	−0.02–−0.00	0.003
	First-level	0.449	0.002	0.000	0.02	−0.00–0.00	0.984	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.009	−0.01–0.01	0.993
	Second-level	−0.001	0.001	−0.010	−0.97	−0.00–0.00	0.331	0.010	0.003	0.037	2.269	0.00–0.01	0.023
	Third-level	−0.001	0.003	−0.003	−0.33	−0.01–0.00	0.745	0.010	0.008	0.027	1.687	−0.00–0.03	0.092
Department units	Surgery	0.240	0.269	0.011	0.91	−0.28–0.77	0.362	−1.000	0.423	−0.043	−2.369	−1.83–−0.17	0.018
	Gynecology and obstetrics	−1.570	0.448	−0.038	−3.50	−2.45–−0.69	<0.001	−0.970	0.699	−0.023	−1.388	−2.34–0.40	0.165
	Pediatric	0.020	0.496	0.000	0.03	−0.96–0.99	0.975	−2.020	0.764	−0.043	−2.642	−3.52–−0.52	0.008
	Neonatology	−1.910	1.671	−0.012	−1.14	−5.19–1.36	0.252	−3.200	2.113	−0.024	−1.516	−7.35–0.94	0.130
	Others	−0.250	0.339	−0.008	−0.74	−0.91–0.42	0.462	−0.230	0.561	−0.007	−0.405	−1.33–0.87	0.685
	ICU	−0.480	0.565	−0.009	−0.85	−1.59–0.63	0.398	0.760	0.679	0.020	1.116	−0.57–2.09	0.265
	NICU	−1.740	0.834	−0.022	−2.09	−3.38–−0.11	0.037	0.270	1.032	0.004	0.260	−1.75–2.29	0.795
	PICU	−0.330	1.489	−0.002	−0.22	−3.25–2.59	0.823	−1.800	1.759	−0.016	−1.024	−5.25–1.65	0.306
	Specialist ICU	−0.590	0.668	−0.009	−0.88	−1.89–0.72	0.381	1.950	0.758	0.045	2.568	0.46–3.43	0.010
Labor resource		0.380	0.036	0.142	10.52	0.31–0.45	<0.001	0.520	0.053	0.190	9.706	0.41–0.62	<0.001
Supplies		0.070	0.068	0.018	0.98	−0.07–0.20	0.328	−0.020	0.103	−0.005	−0.200	−0.22–0.18	0.842
Communication		−0.050	0.050	−0.027	−1.09	−0.15–0.04	0.277	0.150	0.071	0.072	2.069	0.01–0.29	0.039
Management		0.270	0.043	0.137	6.33	0.19–0.35	<0.001	0.150	0.063	0.073	2.349	0.02–0.27	0.019

Note. ¹: F = 30.77,  < 0.001, R² = 0.106, adjusted R² = 0.103; ²: F = 14.39  < 0.001, R² = 0.104, adjusted R² = 0.097.