Working Hours Associated with the Quality of Nursing Care, Missed Nursing Care, and Nursing Practice Environment in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

The association among working hours, covariates, and NPE.

		Day shift-4 knots^1						Night shift-4 knots^2
		B	SD	Beta	t	CI		B	SD	Beta	t	CI
Intercept		3164.600	183.000	—	17.294	2805.91–3523.30	<0.001	3631.000	390.300	—	9.305	2866.21–4396.47	<0.001
Working hours		6.620	22.390	0.011	0.295	−37.27–50.50	0.768	−75.410	26.770	−0.225	−2.817	−127.89–−22.93	0.005
Working hours^1		−310.820	126.000	−0.576	−2.467	−557.83–−63.81	0.014	1388.000	296.500	2.440	4.681	806.52–1969.02	<0.001
Working hours^2		1699.770	690.000	0.508	2.463	347.23–3052.30	0.014	−3177.000	657.000	−2.214	−4.835	−4464.68–−1888.59	<0.001
Overtime work yes		−229.150	19.850	−0.143	−11.544	−268.06–−190.24	<0.001	−318.100	27.840	−0.196	−11.429	−372.71–−263.57	<0.001
Education	Junior school	−108.810	88.040	−0.052	−1.236	−281.38–63.77	0.217	−122.400	332.100	−0.056	−0.369	−773.56–528.71	0.712
	Undergraduate	16.240	87.050	0.008	0.187	−154.39–186.88	0.852	82.290	331.400	0.039	0.248	−567.36–731.95	0.804
	Postgraduate	38.370	114.500	0.005	0.335	−186.09–262.83	0.738	148.000	358.800	0.017	0.412	−555.58–851.51	0.680
N-P ratio		−3.610	0.650	−0.073	−5.558	−4.88–−2.34	<0.001	1.452	0.938	0.037	1.548	−0.39–3.29	0.122
Professional-technical-title	Senior nurse	38.790	30.560	0.026	1.269	−21.11–98.69	0.204	34.090	40.800	0.023	0.835	−45.91–114.09	0.404
	Nurse in charge	−9.300	35.760	−0.006	−0.260	−79.40–60.80	0.795	63.070	51.360	0.037	1.228	−37.62–163.76	0.219
	Assistant director nurse or above	58.570	54.390	0.017	1.077	−48.06–165.20	0.282	−395.700	373.300	−0.017	−1.060	−1127.70–336.24	0.289
Work seniority (years)	2–5	−13.920	36.510	−0.007	−0.381	−85.48–57.64	0.703	−83.870	44.920	−0.045	−1.867	−171.94–4.19	0.062
	5–10	10.980	36.910	0.007	0.298	−61.38–83.34	0.766	−121.300	47.700	−0.077	−2.542	−214.78–−27.73	0.011
	10–20	37.180	39.460	0.024	0.942	−40.16–114.53	0.346	−84.400	52.650	−0.051	−1.603	−187.62–18.82	0.109
	>20	−4.370	47.190	−0.002	−0.093	−96.88–88.14	0.926	9.107	101.900	0.002	0.089	−190.70–208.91	0.929
Department units	Surgery	47.930	19.300	0.030	2.484	10.10–85.76	0.013	74.150	31.150	0.044	2.380	13.08–135.22	0.017
	Gynecology and obstetrics	23.850	32.220	0.008	0.740	−39.30–87.00	0.459	49.560	51.680	0.016	0.959	−51.75–150.88	0.338
	Pediatric	−56.120	35.630	−0.017	−1.575	−125.96–13.71	0.115	18.630	56.390	0.005	0.330	−91.93–129.19	0.741
	Neonatology	30.780	120.100	0.003	0.256	−204.66–266.23	0.798	155.000	156.100	0.016	0.993	−151.06–461.07	0.321
	Others	52.170	24.360	0.025	2.142	4.42–99.92	0.032	76.760	41.420	0.033	1.853	−4.44–157.96	0.064
	ICU	69.940	40.520	0.020	1.726	−9.49–149.37	0.084	77.760	50.270	0.029	1.547	−20.80–176.31	0.122
	NICU	150.750	59.950	0.027	2.515	33.24–268.26	0.012	158.300	76.540	0.036	2.068	8.23–308.35	0.039
	PICU	345.750	106.900	0.034	3.235	136.23–555.26	0.001	146.300	129.900	0.018	1.126	−108.35–400.91	0.260
Department units	Specialist ICU	135.560	47.900	0.031	2.830	41.66–229.46	0.005	244.600	55.990	0.078	4.368	134.80–354.35	<0.001
Patient-care grade (%)	Special level	−0.710	0.167	−0.050	−4.228	−1.03–−0.38	<0.001	−0.455	0.337	−0.027	−1.349	−1.12–0.21	0.177
	First level	0.840	0.164	0.054	5.087	0.51–1.16	<0.001	0.009	0.217	0.001	0.041	−0.42–0.44	0.967
	Second level	−0.140	0.107	−0.014	−1.309	−0.35–0.07	0.191	−0.942	0.196	−0.080	−4.812	−1.33–−0.56	<0.001
	Third level	−0.090	0.188	−0.005	−0.485	−0.46–0.28	0.627	0.623	0.580	0.017	1.074	−0.51–1.76	0.283

Note. ¹: F = 17.9,  < 0.001, R² = 0.063, adjusted R² = 0.059; ²: F = 9.55,  < 0.001, R² = 0.067, adjusted R² = 0.060.