Working Hours Associated with the Quality of Nursing Care, Missed Nursing Care, and Nursing Practice Environment in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Table 5

Comparison of QNC across groups (N = 12703).

Characteristics	N (%)				F/τb/Z
	Poor	Average	Good	Excellent
N-P ratio^1					52.77	<0.001
Departments^2					0.065	<0.001
Internal medicine	7 (0.17)	486 (11.67)	1908 (45.80)	1765 (42.37)
Surgery	4 (0.11)	367 (10.11)	1595 (43.95)	1663 (45.83)
Gynecology and obstetrics	2 (0.23)	67 (7.85)	361 (42.27)	424 (49.65)
Pediatric	1 (0.15)	85 (12.88)	276 (41.82)	298 (45.15)
Neonatology	0 (0.00)	2 (3.39)	27 (45.76)	30 (50.85)
Others	4 (0.23)	166 (9.43)	756 (42.93)	835 (47.42)
ICU	3 (0.41)	79 (10.85)	330 (45.33)	31 (43.41)
NICU	0 (0.00)	19 (6.93)	96 (35.04))	159 (58.03)
PICU	1 (0.15)	4 (4.94)	28 (34.57)	48 (59.26)
Specialist ICU	0 (0.00)	42 (8.55)	200 (40.73)	249 (50.71)
Age (years)^2					−0.032	0.200
≤25	3 (0.16)	170 (9.29)	765 (41.80)	892 (48.74)
26–34	11 (0.15)	777 (10.39)	3328 (44.52)	3360 (44.94)
35–44	4 (0.16)	280 (10.92)	1102 (42.96)	1179 (45.96)
≥45	4 (0.48)	90 (10.82)	382 (45.91)	356 (42.79)
Gender^3					−0.611	0.541
Male	3 (1.64)	36 (2.73)	150 (2.69)	172 (2.97)
Female	19 (86.36)	1281 (97.27)	5427 (97.31))	5615 (97.03)
Education background					0.014	0.015
Special secondary school	0 (0.00)	6 (7.79)	31 (40.26)	40 (51.95)
Junior college	4 (0.22)	204 (11.11)	853 (46.46)	775 (42.21)
Undergraduate	18 (0.17)	1091 (10.23)	4641 (43.50)	4919 (46.11)
Postgraduate	0 (0.00)	16 (13.22)	52 (42.98)	53 (43.80)
Overtime work^3					−23.719	<0.001
Yes	16 (72.73)	688 (52.24)	1930 (34.61)	1219 (21.06)
No	6 (27.27)	629 (47.76)	3647 (65.39)	4568 (78.94)
Professional-technical title^2					−0.036	0.006
Nurse	4 (0.19)	190 (9.20)	872 (42.41)	1000 (48.40)
Senior nurse	8 (0.14)	617 (10.43)	2616 (44.21)	2676 (45.23)
Nurse in charge	9 (0.21)	471 (10.94)	1882 (43.73)	1942 (45.12)
Assistant director nurse or above	1 (0.24)	39 (9.38)	207 (49.76)	169 (40.63)
Work seniority (years)^2					−0.022	0.012
<2	2 (0.15)	122 (8.89)	540 (39.36)	708 (51.60)
2–5	1 (0.05)	203 (10.11)	919 (45.77)	885 (44.07)
5–10	9 (0.22)	427 (10.45)	1833 (44.84)	1819 (44.50)
10–20	5 (0.13)	42110.69)	1692 (42.97)	1820 (46.22)
>20	5 (0.39)	14411.10)	593 (45.72)	555 (42.79)
Shift^3					−4.425	<0.001
Day	18 (0.20)	879 (9.95)	3797 (43.00)	4137 (46.85)
Night	4 (0.10)	438 (11.31)	1780 (45.97)	1650 (42.61)
Patient grade ratio^1
Special level					6.237	<0.001
First level					2.878	0.035
Second level					3.186	0.023
Third level					1.779	0.149

Note. ¹one-way ANOVA; ²Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient; ³Wilcoxon rank sum test.