Moral Distress, Burnout, Turnover Intention, and Coping Strategies among Korean Nurses during the Late Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study
Table 2
COVID-19-related moral distress.
Domain
Frequency
Intensity
Multiplied score
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Patient domain
1.4 (0.9)
1.4 (1.0)
2.4 (2.0)
Being asked to provide and continue aggressive and potentially futile treatments when I believe it is not in the best interest of the patient
1.6 (0.8)
1.5 (1.0)
2.7 (2.5)
Witnessing orders for unnecessary or inappropriate care that do not adequately address patient needs
1.2 (0.8)
1.2 (1.0)
2.0 (2.3)
Providing care to patients who have not been adequately informed or included in decisions regarding their own care
1.5 (0.9)
1.4 (1.0)
2.6 (2.4)
Team/system domain
1.7 (0.9)
1.5 (1.0)
3.1 (2.0)
Experiencing poor communication between members of the care team that adversely affects patient care
1.7 (0.7)
1.6 (0.9)
3.0 (2.4)
Being assigned an unsafe number of patients to care for at once considering the acuity level for each patient assigned to me
2.1 (0.8)
1.9 (0.9)
4.4 (3.0)
Attempting to deliver a high standard of care with limited time, supplies, and resources
1.7 (0.9)
1.5 (1.0)
3.1 (2.8)
Using technology and documentation that burdens me and compromises patient care
1.6 (0.8)
1.5 (0.9)
2.8 (2.5)
Witnessing or experiencing uncivil behavior among members of the care team
1.8 (0.9)
1.6 (1.0)
3.2 (2.9)
Witnessing a lack of respect among the healthcare team for patients from vulnerable populations or minority groups
1.1 (0.9)
1.1 (1.1)
1.8 (2.3)
COVID-19 domain
1.8 (0.9)
1.5 (1.0)
3.3 (2.3)
Caring for patients who must experience hospitalization without family presence
2.1 (0.8)
1.6 (0.9)
3.7 (2.7)
Caring for patients who die during a hospitalization without family and/or clergy present
1.3 (1.0)
1.3 (1.1)
2.4 (2.7)
Caring for COVID‐19 patients that presents a transmission risk to you or your family/household
