Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Authentic Nurse Leadership Questionnaire

Table 1

Social and demographic information of the participants (stage 1, n = 189; stage 2, n = 255).

Descriptive characteristics	Stage 1		Stage 2
	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Gender
Male	18	9.5	17	6.7
Female	171	90.5	238	93.3
Age, years (M ± SD)	32.40	6.415	31.47	6.526
Education
High school	4	2.1	5	2.0
Junior college	39	20.6	40	15.7
Undergraduate	145	76.7	201	78.8
Postgraduate or above	1	0.5	9	3.5
Marital status
Unmarried	45	23.8	93	36.5
Married	141	74.6	159	62.4
Divorced or widowed	3	1.6	3	1.2
Department affiliation
Internal medicine	49	25.9	84	32.9
Surgery	22	11.6	59	23.1
Emergency department	16	8.5	29	11.4
Intensive care unit	36	19.0	24	9.4
Obstetrics and gynaecology	12	6.3	22	8.6
Paediatrics	16	8.5	23	9.0
Operating room	38	20.1	14	5.5
Work experience, years (M ± SD)	9.96	7.457	9.39	6.515
Work with the current nurse leader, years (M ± SD)	6.51	5.249	5.32	4.407
Professional title
Primary nurse	39	20.6	43	16.9
Nurse practitioner	66	34.9	109	42.7
Nurse-in-charge	83	43.9	99	38.8
Deputy director nurse	1	0.5	4	1.6

M ± SD: mean ± standard deviation.