Research Article
A Comparison of Topical or Retrobulbar Anesthesia for 23-Gauge Posterior Vitrectomy
Table 1
Visual analogue pain scale (VAPS).
| | Pain level | Description |
| | Grade 1 | No pain or discomfort | | Grade 2 | Mild pain and discomfort | | Grade 3 | Moderate pain and discomfort | | Grade 4 | Severe pain and discomfort |
|
|