The Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Ocular Circulation in Type-2 Diabetes
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of diabetes patients with NDR and mild NPDR.
NDR
Mild NPDR
value
Number of eyes
99
30
—
Number of patients
99
30
—
Age (years)
54.0 (40.5–64.5)
55.5 (43.0–63.5)
0.676
Sex (M/F)
55/44
20/10
0.384a
Duration of DM (years)
6.0 (2.0–11.5)
11.0 (6.3–15.8)
0.004
SBP (mmHg)
128.0 (117.0–140.0)
125.5 (120.0–142.5)
0.670
DBP (mmHg)
79 (72–87)
78 (70–85)
0.370
Heart rate (/min)
72.0 (66.0–79.0)
76.5 (69.5–85.5)
0.670
HbA1c (%)
9.0 (8.0–10.6)
9.6 (8.6–10.4)
0.384
Creatinine (mg/dl)
0.69 (0.55–0.81)
0.71 (0.54–0.84)
0.922
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
180.0 (153.0–201.5)
178.0 (155.8–209.5)
0.585
IMT-Cmax (mm)
0.6 (0.5–0.9)
0.9 (0.7–1.2)
0.004
VA (logMAR)
−0.079 (−0.18–0)
−0.079 (−0.079–0)
0.183
SE (spherical)
−1.63 (−4.43–−0.25)
−1.81 (−3.19–−0.28)
0.944
IOP (mmHg)
16.0 (14.0–18.0)
15.5 (14.0–18.0)
0.996
LSFG MBR-A (AU)
21.7 (19.0–24.1)
19.1 (16.6–22.7)
0.045
MBR-T (AU)
11.4 (9.9–13.2)
10.7 (9.7–11.4)
0.159
MBR-V (AU)
41.0 (35.4–45.6)
38.6 (34.5–42.0)
0.130
BOT-A
50.6 (47.5–54.6)
51.8 (47.7–54.2)
0.995
BOT-T
48.0 (44.1–52.1)
48.2 (44.7–53.2)
0.653
BOT-V
52.1 (49.1–55.5)
52.3 (49.1–55.3)
0.856
CMT (µm)
236.0 (221.5–250.0)
247.0 (239.3–266.5)
0.003
NDR = no diabetic retinopathy; NPDR = nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; IMT-Cmax = maximum intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery; VA = visual acuity; SE = spherical equivalent; IOP = intraocular pressure; LSFG = laser speckle flowgraphy; MBR-A = overall mean blur rate; MBR-T = mean blur rate in the tissue area; MBR-V = mean blur rate in the vascular area; BOT-A = overall blowout time; BOT-T = blowout time in the tissue area; BOT-V = blowout time in the vascular area; AU = arbitrary unit; CMT = central macular thickness. Unmarked P value: Mann–Whitney U test; achi-square test. Continuous variables: median (interquartile range).
