Unfolded Protein Response Pathways Correlatively Modulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Responses in Rat Retinal Müller Cells

Figure 2

HG induced ER stress and increased expression of VEGF in rMCs. Expression of ER stress markers and VEGF in rMC-1 cells when exposed to normal glucose (5 mmol/L), HG (30 mmol/L), or glucose (5 mmol/L) plus mannitol (25 mmol/L) for 48 hours was determined by western blot analysis. The results were representative of 3 independent experiments (; ).

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