Increased Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy among Patients with Nonorganic Sleep Disturbance

Table 3

Incidence and risk for CSC in NOSD compared with non-NOSD cohort stratified by age, sex, comorbidity, and steroid usage.

	NOSD event no.	Person per years	Rate^§	Control event no.	Person per years	Rate^§	HR 95% (CI) crude	Adjusted
Sex^1
Women	64	303,885	2.11	112	952,670	1.18	1.82 (1.34–2.48)	1.72 (1.26–2.35)
Men	80	160,291	4.99	169	560,300	3.02	1.69 (1.29–2.20)	1.59 (1.21–2.09)
Age (years)^2
20–29	34	105,361	3.23	52	355,690	1.46	2.24 (1.46–3.46)	2.26 (1.46–3.50)
30–39	52	161,231	3.23	103	528,375	1.95	1.69 (1.21–2.37)	1.62 (1.15–2.27)
40–50	58	197,584	2.94	126	628,903	2.00	1.50 (1.10–2.05)	1.44 (1.05–1.98)
Comorbidity^3
Without any one	68	254048	2.68	214	1190351	1.80	1.52 (1.15–1.99)	1.52 (1.15–2.00)
With any one	76	210128	3.62	67	322617	2.08	1.79 (1.28–2.48)	1.76 (1.26–2.44)
Steroid usage^4
No	92	292,090	3.15	187	1,128,056	1.66	1.94 (1.51–2.49)	1.90 (1.48–2.45)
Yes	52	172,087	3.02	94	384,912	2.44	1.26 (0.90–1.77)	1.28 (0.91–1.80)

¹Adjusted for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and steroid use. ²Adjusted for sex, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and steroid use. ³Adjusted for sex and steroid use. ⁴Adjusted for sex, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. ^§Per 10000 person-years. , , . CSC: central serous chorioretinopathy, NOSD: nonorganic sleep disturbance, HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval.