Nailfold Capillary Hemorrhages: Microvascular Risk Factors for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Table 4

Univariate logistic regression analysis of nailfold capillary abnormalities in relation to control subjects.

Nailfold microvascular feature	POAG (n = 206)		HTG (n = 173)		NTG (n = 33)		SG (n = 29)		OHT (n = 57)
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Hemorrhages/100 capillaries
0.0	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <1.0	5.3 (3.1–9.1)	<0.0001	5.6 (3.2–9.9)	<0.0001	3.8 (1.1–12.3)	<0.0001	2.2 (0.9–5.6)	0.30	2.1 (1.1–4.2)	0.05
≥1.0 and <2.0	6.7 (3.6–12.3)		6.7 (3.5–12.7)		6.6 (2.0–22.1)		2.1 (0.7–6.6)		2.5 (1.1–5.4)
≥2.0	14.2 (7.9–25.2)		14.1 (7.7–25.9)		14.6 (4.9–43.4)		1.9 (0.6–6.3)		0.9 (0.3–2.8)
Any hemorrhages	7.9 (5.0–12.5)	<0.0001	8.0 (4.9–13.1)	<0.0001	7.2 (2.7–19.3)	<0.0001	2.1 (1.0–4.6)	0.06	1.9 (1.1–3.4)	0.03
Dilated capillaries/100 capillaries
0.0	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <1.0	1.9 (1.1–3.3)	0.02	1.7 (0.9–2.9)	0.14	4.2 (1.6–11.3)	0.002	2.1 (0.8–5.5)	0.20	1.5 (0.6–3.7)	0.23
≥1.0 and <2.0	1.8 (1.0–3.2)		1.4 (0.7–2.6)		5.4 (2.0–14.7)		0.4 (0.1–3.0)		2.0 (0.8–4.8)
≥2.0	1.8 (1.0–3.0)		1.6 (0.9–2.8)		2.9 (1.0–8.3)		0.6 (0.1–2.5)		1.9 (0.9–4.2)
Any dilated capillaries	1.8 (1.3–2.6)	0.001	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	0.02	4.0 (1.9–8.6)	<0.0001	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	0.89	1.8 (1.0–3.2)	0.05
Avascular zones/100 capillaries
0.0	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <0.75	1.7 (0.7–3.9)	0.001	1.3 (0.5–3.3)	0.005	3.8 (1.1–13.0)	0.02	---	---	2.4 (0.8–7.2)	0.27
≥0.75	3.3 (1.7–6.5)		3.2 (1.5–6.4)		4.1 (1.3–12.3)		---		1.6 (0.5–5.2)
Any avascular zones	2.5 (1.5–4.4)	0.001	2.3 (1.3–4.1)	0.004	4.0 (1.7–9.5)	0.004	0.8 (0.2–3.5)	0.74	2.0 (0.9–4.5)	0.12

CI, confidence interval; HTG, high-tension glaucoma; NTG, normal-tension glaucoma; OHT, ocular hypertension; OR, odds ratio; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; SG, secondary glaucoma.