Nailfold Capillary Hemorrhages: Microvascular Risk Factors for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Table 5
Univariate and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis of nailfold capillary abnormalities in relation to POAG compared with SG and OHT.
Nailfold microvascular feature
POAG (n = 206) vs. SG (n = 29)
POAG (n = 206) vs. OHT (n = 57)
Univariate OR (95% CI)
Multivariate OR (95% CI)
value
Univariate OR (95% CI)
Multivariate OR (95% CI)
P value
Hemorrhages/100 capillaries
0.0
1.0 (ref)
1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <1.0
2.4 (0.9–6.5)
3.2 (1.1–9.7)
0.004
2.5 (1.2–5.4)
2.0 (0.8–4.9)
<0.0001
≥1.0 and <2.0
3.1 (1.0–9.9)
5.1 (1.4–18.5)
2.7 (1.2–6.3)
2.7 (1.1–6.8)
≥2.0
7.5 (2.2–25.4)
9.1 (2.5–33.7)
15.7 (5.0–49.2)
11.8 (3.5–39.5)
Any hemorrhages
3.7 (1.6–8.7)
5.1 (1.9–13.4)
0.001
4.1 (2.1–7.8)
3.5 (1.7–7.3)
0.001
Dilated capillaries/100 capillaries
0.0
1.0 (ref)
1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <1.0
0.9 (0.4–2.3)
1.1 (0.4–3.0)
0.18
1.3 (0.5–3.0)
1.9 (0.7–5.0)
0.53
≥1.0 and <2.0
4.2 (0.5–33.1)
4.5 (0.6–36.8)
0.8 (0.3–2.0)
1.0 (0.3–2.8)
≥2.0
3.3 (0.7–15.0)
3.2 (0.7–15.8)
1.0 (0.4–2.1)
1.5 (0.6–3.9)
Any dilated capillaries
1.7 (0.8–3.9)
1.9 (0.8–4.5)
0.15
1.0 (0.6–1.8)
1.1 (1.0–1.1)
0.28
Avascular zones/100 capillaries
0.0
1.0 (ref)
1.0 (ref)
>0.0 and <0.75
———
———
0.08
0.7 (0.2–2.1)
0.8 (0.2–2.6)
0.29
≥0.75
3.3 (0.7–14.3)
3.3 (0.7–15.4)
2.0 (0.7–6.1)
2.3 (0.7–7.6)
Any avascular zones
3.3 (0.7–14.3)
3.3 (0.7–15.4)
0.08
0.3 (0.6–2.8)
1.4 (0.6–3.5)
0.41
The model adjusts for age (in years), sex, race, family history of glaucoma, hypertension, use of antiplatelet medication, and study site. CI, confidence interval; OHT, ocular hypertension; OR, odds ratio; POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma; SG, secondary glaucoma.
