Comparative Analysis of Visual Performance and Astigmatism Tolerance with Monofocal, Bifocal, and Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lenses Targeting Slight Myopia
Table 3
Intragroup comparison of visual function questionnaire scores and patients’ overall satisfaction.
Parameter
Monofocal IOL (A)
EDOF IOL (B)
Bifocal IOL (C)
value
Total VF-14 score
<0.001
Mean ± SD
78.67 ± 9.84
95.38 ± 5.56
92.01 ± 7.12
A–B <0.001
Median (25% and 75% IR)
80.20 (71.87, 85.44)
97.02 (92.67, 100.00)
92.78 (87.50, 98.21)
A–C <0.001
B–C 0.589
VF-14 (distance vision)
0.070
Mean ± SD
95.19 ± 7.90
99.11 ± 2.56
96.85 ± 5.07
Median (25% and 75% IR)
100 (93.40, 100.00)
100.00 (100.00, 100.00)
100.00 (95.83, 100.00)
VF-14 (near vision)
<0.001
Mean ± SD
63.51 ± 14.49
91.94 ± 9.31
87.44 ± 10.08
A–B <0.001
Median (25% and 75% IR)
65.48 (51.04, 75.89)
94.65 (86.16, 100.00)
88.40 (79.46, 96.43)
A–C <0.001
B–C 0.637
Spectacle dependence
<0.001
Mean ± SD
2.05 ± 1.05
3.45 ± 0.76
3.55 ± 0.76
A–B <0.001
Median (25% and 75% IR)
2.00 (1.00, 3.00)
4.00 (3.00, 4.00)
4.00 (3.00, 4.00)
A–C <0.001
B–C 1.000
SFP
10% (2/20)
60% (12/20)
65% (13/20)
0.001
A–B <0.05
A–C <0.05
B–C >0.05
Glare
0.314
Mean ± SD
3.35 ± 0.81
3.35 ± 0.81
2.85 ± 1.18
Median (25% and 75% IR)
4.00 (3.00, 4.00)
4.00 (3.00, 4.00)
3.00 (2.00, 4.00)
Halos
0.464
Mean ± SD
3.65 ± 0.67
3.60 ± 0.60
3.25 ± 1.07
Median (25% and 75% IR)
4.00 (3.25, 4.00)
4.00 (3.00, 4.00)
4.00 (2.25, 4.00)
Percent of patients reporting glare
45% (9/20)
45% (9/20)
55% (11/20)
0.766
Percent of patients reporting halos
25% (5/20)
35% (7/20)
40% (8/20)
0.592
Satisfaction score
0.010
Mean ± SD
3.45 ± 0.76
4.25 ± 0.64
3.90 ± 0.91
A–B 0.007
Median (25% and 75% IR)
3.50 (3.00, 4.00)
4.00 (4.00, 5.00)
4.00 (3.00, 5.00)
A–C 0.264
B–C 0.551
For VF-14 questionnaire, the maximum score was 4 and the minimal score was 0. All VF-14 scores were converted into a 100-point scale, in which higher scores indicated better visual perceptions. The subjective perception of glare and halos was assessed by two direct 4-scale Likert-type questions (1-severe; 2-moderate; 3-slight; 4-none). The spectacle dependence for total vision activities was also assessed by direct 4-scale Likert-type questions (1-always; 2-most of the time; 3-sometimes; 4-never). The grade of the overall satisfaction used the 5-point Likert scale (1-very dissatisfied; 2-dissatisfied; 3-neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4- satisfied; 5-very satisfied). IOL = intraocular lens, EDOF = extend depth-of-focus, VF-14 = visual function index-14, SFP = spectacle-free patients, SD = standard deviation, IR = interquartile ranges, and NA = not available. Statistically significant .
