Journal of Ophthalmology

Research Article

Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Diabetic Retinopathy: A 5-Year Retrospective Case-Control Study

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and clinical data of the study population.


	Control (n = 170)	Diabetic mellitus (n = 131)	Diabetic retinopathy (n = 167)	T/F value	p value

Age (years)	60.56 ± 9.32	58.50 ± 8.27	58.43 ± 10.96	2.70	0.069
Gender (male/female)	77/93	61/70	85/82	1.146	0.564
BMI (Kg/m²)	23.14 ± 3.25	24.50 ± 3.28	24.90 ± 5.10	8.78	<0.001^a,b,c
Smoking (yes/no)	2/168	2/129	3/164	0.384	0.898
Drinking (yes/no)	2/168	4/127	5/162	1.75	0.436
Hypertension (yes/no)	73/97	56/75	81/86	1.30	0.522
SBP (mmHg)	128.58 ± 15.83	136.42 ± 19.79	141.91 ± 37.27	13.04	<0.001^a,b,c
DBP (mmHg)	75.1 ± 9.43	76.48 ± 9.27	76.15 ± 13.40	0.88	0.417
Diabetes duration (years)	—	6.49 ± 5.41	12.52 ± 6.90	8.47	<0.001
RDW (%)	12.46 ± 0.48	12.68 ± 0.97	13.09 ± 1.19	20.95	<0.001^a,b,c
WBC (×10⁹)	5.94 ± 1.43	6.14 ± 1.79	6.56 ± 1.80	6.10	0.003^a,b,c
HG (g/L)	135.24 ± 13.17	134.44 ± 13.1	124.43 ± 18.77	20.46	<0.001^a,b
HbA1c (%)	—	6.99 ± 1.31	7.28 ± 1.14	2.08	0.039
AST (U/L)	19.29 ± 7.09	19.76 ± 7.23	20.84 ± 7.87	1.91	0.149
ALT (U/L)	20.19 ± 12.49	22.22 ± 11.09	22.89 ± 11.95	2.32	0.099
BUN (mmol/L)	4.32 ± 0.80	5.86 ± 2.10	6.78 ± 2.61	9.09	<0.001^a,b,c
CRE (μmmol/L)	65.75 ± 14.30	66.17 ± 19.63	71.00 ± 22.32	3.44	0.034^a,b
IOP (mmHg)	12.99 ± 0.21	14.25 ± 0.46	15.19 ± 0.19	13.29	<0.001^a,b,c
VCDR	—	0.32 ± 0.05	0.34 ± 0.07	2.14	0.030

Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for analysis. BMI: body mass index, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure. WBC: white blood cell, HG: hemoglobin, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine transaminase, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, CRE: creatinine, IOP: intraocular pressure, VCDR: vertical cup-disc ratio. ^a for the difference between the DR group and the control group (1-way ANOVA with the LSD post hoc test). ^b for the difference between the DR group and the DM group (1-way ANOVA with the LSD post hoc test). ^c for the difference between the DM group and the control group (1-way ANOVA with the LSD post hoc test).