Prognostic Factors for Visual Outcomes in Closed Idiopathic Macular Holes after Vitrectomy: Outcomes at 4 Years in a Monocentric Study

Table 1

Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics in the eyes with final VA ≥70 ETDRS letters versus <70 ETDRS letters following primary vitrectomy for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole.

Variables	VA ≥ 70 letters, n = 274	VA < 70 letters, n = 186	value
Preoperative
Age mean ± SD, years	67 ± 8	69 ± 8	0.145
Female gender, n (%)	182 (66)	134 (72)	0.223
Pseudophakia, n (%)	67 (25)	46 (25)	1.000
Baseline BCVA mean ± SD, letters	56 ± 12	44 ± 16	<0.001
MH duration mean ± SD, weeks	10 ± 6	13 ± 12	0.001
MH size, μm (range)	314 (50–808)	415 (108–1001)	<0.001
MH cystic cavities, n (%)	259 (95)	169 (91)	1.000
MH elevated edge, n (%)	242 (88)	156 (84)	0.748
Operative
Dye			0.061
ICG, n (%)	211 (77)	157 (84)
TB, n (%)	64 (23)	30 (16)
Tamponade			0.328
SF6, n (%)	253 (92)	167 (90)
C3F8, n (%)	21 (8)	20 (11)
Air, n (%)	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Combined phacovitrectomy, n (%)	1 (0.4)	1 (0.5)	1.000
Postoperative
MH residual cystic cavities, n (%)	1 (0.4)	2 (1)	0.564
Phaco postvitrectomy, n (%)	141 (52)	53 (29)	<0.001
Pseudophakia at final FU visit, n (%)	209 (76)	100 (54)	<0.001
Final VA mean ± SD, letters	77 ± 4	59 ± 12	<0.001
Mean total FU, months	32	24	<0.001

BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; SD, standard deviation; MH, macular hole; ICG, indocyanine green; TB, trypan blue; phaco postvitrectomy, phacoemulsification postvitrectomy; FU, follow-up. Statistically significant.